다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).

/pdf/a-review-of-electrode-materials-for-electrochemical-2cok5em0bo.pdf

A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

Electrochemical supercapacitors (ECs), characteristic of high power and reasonably high energy densities, have become a versatile solution to various emerging energy applications. This critical review describes some materials science aspects on manganese oxide-based materials for these applications, primarily including the strategic design and fabrication of these electrode materials. Nanostructurization, chemical modification and incorporation with high surface area, conductive nanoarchitectures are the three major strategies in the development of high-performance manganese oxide-based electrodes for EC applications. Numerous works reviewed herein have shown enhanced electrochemical performance in the manganese oxide-based electrode materials. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, particularly with respect to characterization and understanding of electron transfer and atomic transport of the electrochemical interface processes within the manganese oxide-based electrodes. In order to fully exploit the potential of manganese oxide-based electrode materials, an unambiguous appreciation of these basic questions and optimization of synthesis parameters and material properties are critical for the further development of EC devices (233 references).

Manganese oxide-based materials as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes

The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, respectively. By taking advantage of nanocarriers, both imaging and therapeutic functions together with enhanced tumour accumulation have been thoroughly studied to improve the pre-clinical efficiency of PAI and PTT. In this review, we first summarize the development of inorganic and organic nano photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) and strategies for improving the PTT outcomes, including applying appropriate laser dosage, guiding the treatment via imaging techniques, developing PTAs with absorption in the second NIR window, increasing photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and also increasing the accumulation of PTAs in tumours. Second, we introduce the advantages of combining PTT with other therapies in cancer treatment. Third, the emerging applications of PAI in cancer-related research are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of PTT and PAI for combating cancer, especially regarding their clinical translation, are discussed. We believe that PTT and PAI having noteworthy features would become promising next-generation non-invasive cancer theranostic techniques and improve our ability to combat cancers.

/pdf/photothermal-therapy-and-photoacoustic-imaging-via-5cxqag870v.pdf

Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer

Na superionic conductor of Na3MnTi(PO4)3 only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn2+ ions resided in Na+ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn2+/Mn3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na3.5MnTi0.5Ti0.5(PO4)3 cathode with Ti4+ reduction has a lowest Mn2+ occupation on the Na+ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na3.6Mn1.15Ti0.85(PO4)3 cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg−1 (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries. 

Sufficient Utilization of Mn
 2+
 /Mn
 3+
 /Mn
 4+
 Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High‐Energy Na‐Ions Batteries

In China, Weibo, a prevailing social media service attracts billions of users who use smart phones to send twits with text, image, and video to record and monitor the event. The social media information could be a certain earth observation data when the information relates to a certain earth observation event. While the method of extracting useful the social media information and applying the information in the earth observing research field has yet to be fully exploited. The current Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework is a set of outstanding protocols and standards to describe and serve the all sorts of earth observation data. In this paper, we are trying to present how the Sensor Web framework works with social media information, which is expected to provide useful earth observation information when in an emergency. We put our experiment scenario in the Ya'an earthquake in Sichuan, 2013. Through the framework, we can retrieve the earthquake relief data in the earthquake area, and we use Sensor Planning Service (SPS) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS) to serve the monitoring process to provide the decision makers with real-time earthquake relief information. We think the framework would also be significant in similar emergency response.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7229672/7248073/07248109.pdf

A social Sensor Web architecture: Harvesting human observation information from Weibo

Response to “Comment on ‘Origin of breakdown mechanism in multicrystalline silicon solar cells’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 246101 (2013)]

Recognition and Prioritization of Organic Compounds in River Sediment by Nontarget Screening Analysis: A Case Study in the Taipu River of the Yangtze River Delta Region

In the networked environment, it is of prospective significance to design an energy management strategy that improves the vehicle's energy-saving performance and reduces the occupation of communication and computing resources. In this paper, a novel energy management strategy using periodic event-triggered mechanism (PETM) for connected plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (C-PHEV) is proposed. Firstly, the tabu search algorithm is adopted to optimize control parameters combined with the latest driving information. In order to reduce redundant optimization operations, a trigger period that can guarantee ideal control performance is derived. And the cloud monitoring platform monitors the status information of C-PHEV in real time, judging whether the trigger condition of PETM is satisfied. Subsequently, the tabu list is updated every time the optimization process is triggered to speed up the search for the optimal solution. Finally, the comparison is carried out under real-world driving condition. The results indicate that PETM strategy elevates the fuel economy of C-PHEV by 11.191% over rule-based strategy. In the case of comparable fuel economy, the optimization time of PETM strategy saves 97% compared with that of continuous trigger optimization strategy, which fully verifies the superiority of the comprehensive performance of the proposed strategy.

Chao Yang

Papers

Sufficient Utilization of Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High‐Energy Na‐Ions Batteries

A social Sensor Web architecture: Harvesting human observation information from Weibo

Response to “Comment on ‘Origin of breakdown mechanism in multicrystalline silicon solar cells’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 246101 (2013)]

Recognition and Prioritization of Organic Compounds in River Sediment by Nontarget Screening Analysis: A Case Study in the Taipu River of the Yangtze River Delta Region

A novel energy management strategy for connected plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using periodic event-triggered mechanism