A generating facility is provided for generating electricity from both solar and non-solar energy sources. The solar generating portion of the facility includes capability to directly generate electricity from solar insolation, or to store the solar energy in a tangible medium, including stored heat, or solar generating fuel. The generating facility is configured to generate electricity simultaneously from both solar and non-solar sources, as well a solely from immediate solar insolation and from solar energy stored in a tangible medium. Additionally, the solar generating capacity may be segregated; such that separate spectra of solar insolation are used to capture heat for steam turbine based electrical generation, capture light energy for photovoltaic based electrical generation, and to grow biomass to generate a solar fuel.

Hybrid generation with alternative fuel sources

The present invention relates to ophthalmic systems comprising a selective light wavelength filter, wherein said selective filter provides improved contrast sensitivity.

High performance selective light wavelength filtering providing improved contrast sensitivity

A variable mirror that is readily formable and can be readily and precisely changed into various configurations as desired is provided. The variable mirror includes a mirror body formed of an elastic or flexible material and having one surface functioning as a reflecting surface. The mirror body is capable of changing the reflecting surface configuration. The rigidity of the mirror body varies in a direction parallel to the one surface.

Variable mirror, optical apparatus and decentered optical system which include variable mirror, variable-optical characteristic optical element or combination thereof

An optical apparatus includes a variable optical-property element to change its optical properties by applying an electric or magnetic field or temperature to a liquid crystal. In this way, the optical apparatus is reduced in thickness, and can be used in a camera, a microscope, etc.

Variable optical-property element

Apparatus and methods for concentrating and collecting solar energy are disclosed. In accordance with the invention, solar energy is concentrated by economical refringent lenses or lens systems including fluid lenses and/or Fresnel-type lenses. The lenses concentrate the solar energy preferably along lines in continuous linear foci or in discrete foci at an elongated collector comprising one or more fluid-carrying conduits and one or more fluids therein. In one embodiment, a plurality of photoelectric cells are located in or on the collector along the linear foci or at the discrete foci and operate at increased efficiency with heat being removed by the collector. A first fluid in the collector is heated by the concentrated solar energy and in a preferred embodiment is used to heat a second fluid contiguous to the first fluid, the first fluid having a boiling point exceeding that of the second fluid. In a preferred embodiment, the first fluid is carried in an inner conduit while the second fluid is carried by an outer conduit which encloses the inner conduit and first fluid. Thus, the two fluids can be heated to different temperatures by a single concentrating system and used for different purposes. Additionally, the invention provides for the storage of energy using two fluids of different boiling points. Also disclosed are methods and fixed and portable apparatus for distilling water containing salt or other substances by evaporation of the water and condensation of the water vapor wherein preferably the heat of condensation is recovered. The invention also provides for assemblies of individual systems to form larger systems. The present invention provides heat from solar energy at a cost competitive with heat produced from fuels.

Solar energy collection

An opthalmic spectacle or contact sharp cut-on orange lens that improves visual acuity and substantially reduces eye damage in a bright sunlit environment. The lenses substantially eliminate ultraviolet radiation and blue light shorter than 515 nm. The ultraviolet radiation has been implicated as a cause of cateractogenisis. The blue light is implicated in senile macular degenerations, night blindness and snow blindness. The lens is substantially transparent to wavelengths greater than 636 nm which are most useful for high visual acuity in bright sunlit environment.

Optical lenses with selective transmissivity functions

A fixed, linear, ground-based primary reflector having an extended curved sawtooth-contoured surface covered with a metalized polymeric reflecting material, reflects solar energy to a movably supported collector that is kept at the concentrated line focus of the reflector primary. The primary reflector may be constructed by a process utilizing well-known freeway paving machinery. The solar energy absorber is preferably a fluid-transporting pipe. Efficient utilization leading to high temperatures from the reflected solar energy is obtained by cylindrical shaped secondary reflectors that direct off-angle energy to the absorber pipe. To obtain higher temperature levels, refocusing secondary reflectors, that cause a series of discrete spots of highly concentrated solar energy to fall on the fluid-transporting pipe, are utilized. A seriatim arrangement of cylindrical secondary reflector stages and spot-forming reflector stages produces a high temperature solar energy collection system of greater efficiency.

/pdf/solar-energy-collection-system-5ehtjnjzta.pdf

Solar energy collection system

A solar heat collection system is provided by utilizing a line-focusing device that is effectively a cylindrically curved concentrator within a protected environment formed by a transparent inflatable casing. A target, such as a fluid or gas carrying conduit is positioned within or near the casing containing the concentrator, at the line focus of the concentrator. The casing can be inflated at the site of use by a low pressure air supply to form a unitary light-weight structure. When deflated, the collector, including casing, concentrator and target, is readily transportable. A system constructed from a plurality of such line-focusing devices can be used either at ground level or on rooftops. A system may advantageously utilize a plurality of parallel aligned heat absorbing rigid conduits as targets, each conduit supporting an inflatable concentrator and casing. In particular cases the inflatable concentrator can be replaced with a rigid metal or other concentrator while maintaining the novel advantages of the whole solar heat collection system. The concentrator is supported in a manner that facilitates its manual movement in order to track the sun's movement, thereby keeping the line focus of the concentrator on the target.

/pdf/portable-linear-focused-solar-thermal-energy-collecting-1qfcdrf6fe.pdf

Portable, linear-focused solar thermal energy collecting system

A tracking three-dimensional solar energy concentrator is provided by a stretched aluminized polymeric membrane supported by a hoop, the polymeric membrane being formed to a desired curvature by differential loading. The loading on the polymeric membrane determines its curvature. The loading can be varied by utilizing a plastic membrane that has a non-uniform radial distribution of thickness with uniform differential pressure or by applying a non-uniform differential pressure on a membrane having uniform thickness. Reflector membranes having a non-uniform radial distribution of thickness can be obtained by selective spraying of a dissolved plastic such as Krylon on the underside of the aluminized membrane. A non-uniform differential pressure is obtained by using a uniform differential pressure in combination with localized electrostatic or magnetic pressure. The membrane concentrator and its supporting equipment is maintained in a slightly pressurized spherical-cap envelope of transparent plastic to protect the concentrator from the elements.

/pdf/three-dimensional-tracking-solar-energy-concentrator-and-e4eiu8zcph.pdf

Three-dimensional tracking solar energy concentrator and method for making same

A fixed, linear, ground-based primary reflector having an extended curved sawtooth-contoured surface covered with a metalized polymeric reflecting material, reflects solar energy to a movably supported collector that is kept at the concentrated line focus of the reflector primary. The primary reflector may be constructed by a process utilizing well-known freeway paving machinery.

/pdf/primary-reflector-for-solar-energy-collection-systems-qcakh9ehic.pdf

Charles G. Miller

Papers

Optical lenses with selective transmissivity functions

Solar energy collection system

Portable, linear-focused solar thermal energy collecting system

Three-dimensional tracking solar energy concentrator and method for making same

Primary reflector for solar energy collection systems