Showing papers by "Charles W. Hoge published in 2002"
TL;DR: Resistance to quinolones correlated with resistance to azithromycin in both campylobacter and salmonella in Thailand, the first identification of this correlation and its epidemiologic importance among clinical isolates.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance rates for shigella, campylobacter, nontyphoidal salmonella, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were compared for Vietnam and Thailand from 1996 to 1999. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was common. Quinolone resistance remains low in both countries, except among campylobacter and salmonella organisms in Thailand. Nalidixic acid resistance among salmonellae has more than doubled since 1995 (to 21%) in Thailand but is not yet documented in Vietnam. Resistance to quinolones correlated with resistance to azithromycin in both campylobacter and salmonella in Thailand. This report describes the first identification of this correlation and its epidemiologic importance among clinical isolates. These data illustrate the growing magnitude of antibiotic resistance and important differences between countries in Southeast Asia.
187 citations
TL;DR: Competing-risks analysis was used to determine the 1-year longitudinal outcomes, including mortality, associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms in a population sample and found the course for a few individuals is less benign than perhaps previously thought.
Abstract: Objective: Competing-risks analysis was used to determine the 1-year longitudinal outcomes, including mortality, associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms in a population sample. Method: The authors analyzed baseline and 1-year follow-up data from the population-based NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Multinomial logit regression was used to examine the incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, resolution of such symptoms, and related mortality among individuals in the general population, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and the presence or absence at baseline of a lifetime diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, anxiety disorder, and alcohol abuse. Multinomial logit modeling also accounts for the impact of competing outcomes, such as survey nonresponse. Results: Most of the individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms recovered over the ensuing year. The incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms among those without such symptoms at baseline was 1.7%. The predicted mortality among individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline was higher than for individuals not having such symptoms at baseline (0.28% versus 0.18%). The higher mortality rate among those with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline persisted after adjustment for covariates and competing outcomes. Conclusions: Outcomes associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms vary widely. Most individuals improve over time. However, the course for a few individuals is less benign than perhaps previously thought. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms behind increases in mortality related to multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, the predictors of poor prognosis, and whether mortality remains elevated over longer periods of follow-up.
14 citations
TL;DR: This report describes the development the mental health portion of this questionnaire, designed to cover four main symptom domains, as well as key risk/protective factors, thought to be most important following the terrorist attack.
Abstract: In the aftermath of the terrorist action at the Pentagon there was a critical operational need to understand and document the extent of injuries, illnesses, and exposures sustained by Service members and civilian employees at the Pentagon. It was decided to develop and administer a brief questionnaire to the Pentagon employees that would contain questions about exposures, new or worsening injuries or illnesses, mental health, and factors suggested by the literature to increase risk or be protective for these outcomes. This report describes the development the mental health portion of this questionnaire. Most mental health instruments are very lengthy, limiting their usefulness as rapid public health assessment tools. This brief instrument was designed to cover four main symptom domains, as well as key risk/protective factors, thought to be most important following the terrorist attack. The symptom domains were: acute and post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety/panic attacks, and alcohol abuse. Further analyses will assess the usefulness of this questionnaire as a public health tool for rapid assessment of mental health symptoms following the attack. Language: en
11 citations
TL;DR: Using well-known and also relatively novel preventive population-based methodologies for minimizing the post-attack behavioral health-related morbidity resulted in the evolution of simplified principles ("Pieces of PIES") and methods (Therapy by Walking around and Care Management), which are briefly elaborated in this article.
Abstract: Operation Solace is the name given to a post-September 11, 2002 plan directed by the Army Surgeon General to proactively address the predictable behavioral health distress/disorders and related somatic phenomenon expected to occur among the Pentagon employees, family members, and Department of Defense beneficiaries located in the National Capitol Region affected by the terrorist attack. Using well-known and also relatively novel preventive population-based methodologies for minimizing the post-attack behavioral health-related morbidity resulted in the evolution of simplified principles ("Pieces of PIES") and methods (Therapy by Walking around and Care Management), which are briefly elaborated in this article.
6 citations