Radio-frequency identification technology, based on the reader/tag paradigm, is quickly permeating several aspects of everyday life. The electromagnetic research mainly concerns the design of tag antennas having high efficiency and small size, and suited to complex impedance matching to the embedded electronics. Starting from the available but fragmented open literature, this paper presents a homogeneous survey of relevant methodologies for the design of UHF passive tag antennas. Particular care is taken to illustrate, within a common framework, the basic concepts of the most-used design layouts. The design techniques are illustrated by means of many noncommercial examples.

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The art of UHF RFID antenna design: impedance-matching and size-reduction techniques

Resonance conditions for a substrate-superstrate printed antenna geometry which allow for large antenna gain are presented. Asymptotic formulas for gain, beamwidth, and bandwidth are given, and the bandwidth limitation of the method is discussed. The method is extended to produce narrow patterns about the horizon, and directive patterns at two different angles.

Gain enhancement methods for printed circuit antennas

Methods and systems for providing data communication in medical systems are disclosed including a data communication unit to transmit one or more signals related to the monitored analyte level received from the analyte sensor to a remote device.

Analyte monitoring system and methods

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has recently achieved great success by using huge pre-trained models with hundreds of millions of parameters. However, these models suffer from heavy model sizes and high latency such that they cannot be deployed to resource-limited mobile devices. In this paper, we propose MobileBERT for compressing and accelerating the popular BERT model. Like the original BERT, MobileBERT is task-agnostic, that is, it can be generically applied to various downstream NLP tasks via simple fine-tuning. Basically, MobileBERT is a thin version of BERT_LARGE, while equipped with bottleneck structures and a carefully designed balance between self-attentions and feed-forward networks. To train MobileBERT, we first train a specially designed teacher model, an inverted-bottleneck incorporated BERT_LARGE model. Then, we conduct knowledge transfer from this teacher to MobileBERT. Empirical studies show that MobileBERT is 4.3x smaller and 5.5x faster than BERT_BASE while achieving competitive results on well-known benchmarks. On the natural language inference tasks of GLUE, MobileBERT achieves a GLUE score of 77.7 (0.6 lower than BERT_BASE), and 62 ms latency on a Pixel 4 phone. On the SQuAD v1.1/v2.0 question answering task, MobileBERT achieves a dev F1 score of 90.0/79.2 (1.5/2.1 higher than BERT_BASE).

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MobileBERT: a Compact Task-Agnostic BERT for Resource-Limited Devices

This paper focuses on a tutorial overview of defected ground structure (DGS). The basic conceptions and transmission characteristics of DGS are introduced and the equivalent circuit models of varieties of DGS units are also presented. Finally, the main applications of DGS in microwave technology field are summarized and the evolution trend of DGS is given.

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An Overview on Defected Ground Structure

An inductively coupled feed method is explored to design UHF radio frequency identification tag antennas. An analytical model for the proposed feed structure is derived and used to perform simple and wideband impedance match between an antenna and a tag chip without any additional matching networks. The proposed design methodology is verified by comparing the calculations and measurements, which show good agreement.

Design of RFID tag antennas using an inductively coupled feed

Novel slot-shaped defected ground structures (DGSs) on the microstrip line are presented to provide a band-rejection property with an improved Q factor. Two different geometries (U-slot and V-slot) are investigated. U-slot and V-slot DGSs have simple shapes compared to the conventional DGSs, however, they provide more steep rejection characteristics. The Q factor of the band-rejection property for the U-slot DGS increases when the distance between two slots in the U-shape decreases. Similarly, the V-slot DGS provides a higher Q characteristic when the slot angle is reduced. Two bandstop filters are designed and fabricated employing three cascaded U-slot DGSs and V-slot DGSs, respectively. Experimental result shows that the high-Q band-rejection filter with three U-slot DGSs provides Q of 38.6. A fabricated filter with three cascaded V-slot DGSs also rejects the signals at the frequencies from 3.5 to 4.3 GHz with more than 20-dB suppression

Novel U-slot and V-slot DGSs for bandstop filter with improved Q factor

This paper presents a low-power RF receiver/transmitter front-end for 2.4-GHz-band IEEE 802.15.4 standard in 0.18-mum CMOS technology. An RF receiver comprises a single-ended low-noise amplifier, a quadrature passive mixer, and a transimpedance amplifier. A current-mode passive mixer showing a very good 1/f noise performance is adopted to convert an RF signal directly to a baseband signal. Moreover, this type of passive mixer shows high-linearity performance, leading to overall RF receiver linearity improvement. A low-power, high-linearity transmitter front-end is implemented by using a passive mixer and two-stage driver amplifier in which the first stage is a conventional cascode amplifier and the second stage uses a folded cascode one. The receiver front-end achieves 30-dB voltage conversion gain, 7.3-dB noise figure with 1/f noise corner frequency of 70 kHz, -8-dBm input third-order intercept point, and +40-dBm input second-order intercept point. The transmitter front-end shows 12-dB power conversion gain, 0-dBm output power with 10-dBm output third-order intercept point, and -30-dB local-oscillator suppression. The receiver and transmitter front-end dissipate 3.5 and 3 mA from a 1.8-V supply, respectively

A Low-Power RF Direct-Conversion Receiver/Transmitter for 2.4-GHz-Band IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in 0.18- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Technology

The present invention relates to a sensor network having node architecture for performing trust management of neighboring sensor nodes, and to an adaptive method for performing trust management of neighboring sensor nodes for monitoring security in the sensor network. The sensor network includes a base station and a plurality of sensor nodes for reporting sensed information packets to the base station through radiofrequency signals relayed by other sensor nodes. A judge sensor node may have a trust estimator in its node architecture to evaluate trustworthiness of a neighboring suspect sensor node by determining a personal reference and receiving personal references from jury sensor nodes. Based on the trustworthiness of the suspect, the judge may modify a route for transmitting packets to the base station.

Wireless sensor network and adaptive method for monitoring the security thereof

Provided are an antenna using an inductively coupled feeding method, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag thereof, and an antenna impedance matching method thereof. The antenna includes a resonator for determining a resonance frequency of the antenna and a feeder for providing an RF signal to an element connected to the antenna. An RFID tag includes an antenna which receives an RF signal from the RFID reader, an RF front-end which rectifies and detects the RF signal, and a signal processor which is connected to the RF front-end. Particularly, the antenna includes a resonator for determining a resonance frequency of an antenna and a feeder for providing the RF signal to the RF front-end, wherein mutual inductive coupling between the resonator and the feeder is performed.

Cheol-Sig Pyo

Papers

Design of RFID tag antennas using an inductively coupled feed

Novel U-slot and V-slot DGSs for bandstop filter with improved Q factor

A Low-Power RF Direct-Conversion Receiver/Transmitter for 2.4-GHz-Band IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in 0.18- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Technology

Wireless sensor network and adaptive method for monitoring the security thereof

Antenna using inductively coupled feeding method, RFID tag using the same and antenna impedance matching method thereof