Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Antioxidant approach to disease management and the role of ‘Rasayana’ herbs of Ayurveda

Antiviral Natural Products and Herbal Medicines

Antiviral Potentials of Medicinal Plants

Extracts and molecules from medicinal plants against herpes simplex viruses

Free radicals react with biological molecules and destroy the structure of cells, which eventually causes free-radical induced disease such as cancer, renal failure, aging, etc. In this study, 6 extracts and 4 pure compounds of Terminalia chebula RETZ. were investigated for anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-superoxide radical formation and free radical scavenging activities. The superoxide radical scavenging of the 4 pure compounds was further evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. The results showed that all tested extracts and pure compounds of T. chebula exhibited antioxidant activity at different magnitudes of potency. The antioxidant activity of each pure compound was derived from different pathways and was suggested to be specific.

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Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula.

The in vitro activity of geraniin and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection

Acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria inhibit HSV-2 infection in vitro

The antioxidant and antiviral activities ofEuphorbia thymifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) were investigated in this study. The results showed that all of the fractions (MeOH, CHCl3, EtOAc, n-butanol and water) and pure compounds (3-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose, rugosin B and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-K-β-D-glucose)tested possessed antioxidant activities, with the exception of the organic aqueous fraction in the anti-lipid and anti-super-oxide formation assays. The range of IC50 of anti-lipid formation, anti-superoxide formation and free radical scavenging assays for all fractions and pure compounds were 2.81–7.63, 0.03–2.18 and 0.013–2.878 mg/ml, respectively. Electron spin resonance studies showed that water extract and pure compounds ofE. thymifolia exhibited superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Besides antioxidant activities, 3-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and EtOAc fraction also showed anti-HSV-2 activity. Thus,E. thymifolia was concluded to possess antioxidant and anti-HSV-2 activities.

Antioxidant and antiviral activities of Euphorbia thymifolia L.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a ubiquitous organism that causes infections in human populations throughout the world. It causes a variety of diseases ranging in severity from mild to life-threatening. In this study, ent-epiafzelechin-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin (EEE) extracted from the fresh leaves of Cassia javanica L. agnes de Wit (Leguminosae) was investigated for its in vitro anti-HSV-2 activity using XTT and plaque reduction assays. Results showed that EEE inhibited HSV-2 replication in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value was 83·8±10·9 and 166·8±12·9 μM for XTT and plaque reduction assays, respectively. EEE did not affect the viability and the proliferation of cells at antiviral concentrations. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EEE prevented HSV-2 from penetrating the cell and also interfered with HSV-2 replication at the late stage of its life cycle. It also disturbed virus attachment but the inhibitory effect was minor. In summary, the conclusion of this study was that EEE exhibits various modes of action in suppressing HSV-2 multiplication.

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Chien-Min Yang

Papers

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula.

The in vitro activity of geraniin and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection

Acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria inhibit HSV-2 infection in vitro

Antioxidant and antiviral activities of Euphorbia thymifolia L.

ent-Epiafzelechin-(4alpha-->8)-epiafzelechin extracted from Cassia javanica inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 replication.