Oral myiasis caused by Musca domestica larvae in a child

Reports of myiasis in humans in New Zealand are somewhat rare, and little attention has been paid to this issue in the local medical literature. A number of Diptera (fly) families present in New Zealand have been associated with cases of human myiasis: Calliphoridae (7 species), Fanniidae (2 species), Muscidae (3 species), Oestridae (4 species), Phoridae (3 species), Psychodidae (1 species), Sarcophagidae (2 species), Stratiomyidae (1 species) and Syrphidae (1 species). Despite these numbers, there have only been 6 published records and we obtained further 16 unpublished reports of myiasis acquired in New Zealand. Records of imported myiasis in humans are also rare, with only 2 published and 6 unpublished cases obtained. As many medical practitioners are unaware of myiasis or encounter it rarely, we provide a brief discussion of the clinical features and treatment.

Human myiasis in New Zealand: imported and indigenously-acquired cases: the species of concern and clinical aspects.

Background Oral myiasis is usually caused by flies of the order Diptera. One of the causes of human myiasis is Cochliomyia hominivorax, which is a true obligate parasite of mammals.



Methods  A case of oral myiasis in a 5-year-old girl is reported. She presented with a swelling on the hard palate accompanied by intense pain and a fetid odor. A literature review of oral myiasis reports in children was performed.



Results  The poor oral hygiene, lip incompetence, open bite, and residence in a rural area were considered to be predisposing factors for larval infestation in this patient. Treatment consisted of manual larval removal and systemic therapy with antimicrobials.



Conclusions  The prevention of human myiasis should involve the control of fly populations and general cleanliness, such as reducing decomposition odors and cleaning and covering wounds. In addition, the public should be informed that individuals living in locations without basic sanitation are more predisposed to infestation.

Oral infection by Diptera larvae in children: a case report.

The term myiasis is applied to the injurious action that larvae of certain Diptera cause in vertebrate animals by growing in living or dead tissue. Because of its great destructive potential, appropriate and preventive treatment is necessary. Oral myiasis is a rare pathology in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesion, severe halitosis, and other conditions. We have presented a case of oral myiasis in a mentally challenged patient. Reviewing the literature revealed that most of the cases involved the anterior part of the oral cavity of male patients living in developing or underdeveloped countries and also that predisposing factors invariably accompanied infestation.

Oral myiasis: case report and review of literature.

Blowfly and Flesh Fly (Diptera: Cyclorrhpha) Fauna in Tehran, Iran

Twenty-eight rural women of the Niger Delta were infected with the human warble fly (Tumbu fly) larva, Cordylobia anthropophaga, and of the women examined, 22 (78.5%) were nursing-mothers. Among the percentage of women with cutaneous myiasis, 20 had multiple myiases in their breasts. Larvae were also extracted from the upper and lower lips of breast-fed infants. A positive correlation was drawn between the incidence of breast and oral myiases.

Incidence of multiple myiases in breasts of rural women and oral infection in infants from the human warble fly larvae in the humid Tropic-Niger Delta.

Background: Myiasis is characterized by larval infestation of body tissues or cavities of living hosts. Although most frequently observed in underdeveloped and tropical countries, reports of human myiasis have been encountered throughout the world including temperate zones. Cases of human myiasis in Nigeria and most African countries are most probably underreported because many remain undiagnosed, unidentified or unpublished. We had conducted studies on myiasis earlier in 2006. Here we conducted preliminary studies in 2009 and went in the main studies between January and December 2010. Objectives: We assessed the infection rates of neonates and children of two ecological zones in Nigeria [Niger Delta and South-east]. Patients and Methods: We studied a cohort of 400 patients presenting different cases of myiasis in children within the age bracket 0-12 years. We extracted maggots from different parts of neonates, toddlers and children and our therapeutic approach was the application of cholesterol-free oil for extraction and the use of antibiotics to seal up the openings of wounds. Results: Dermatological data showed in neonates an overall infection rate of 16% in Enugu state [CI 95%, 15.2 - 16.2]; 4% in Anambra [CI 95%, 3.4 - 4.7]; 7% in Abia State [CI 95%, 6.1 - 7.4]; 11% in Imo [CI 95%, 10.3-11.7]; 20% in Ebonyi [CI 95%, 18.4 -2 1.6]; 7% infection in Rivers [CI 95%, 6.8 - 7.8]; 17% in Bayelsa [16.1 - 17.5] and 18% in Akwa Ibom [CI 95%, 17.7 - 18.8]. Based on their sites of infection, five different types of myiases were diagnosed. in neonates and children of the Niger Delta and South-east zones of Nigeria.

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Chika Harriet Adibe

Papers

Incidence of multiple myiases in breasts of rural women and oral infection in infants from the human warble fly larvae in the humid Tropic-Niger Delta.

Human Myiasis in Neonates and Children of the Niger Delta Wetlands and South-East Nigeria