Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications

Heterojunctions in Solar Cells. Lessons Learned from the Benchmark Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-Phenyl‐C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester System Minh Trung Dang,† Lionel Hirsch,‡ Guillaume Wantz,‡ and James D. Wuest*,† †Deṕartement de Chimie, Universite ́ de Montreál, Pavillon J.-Armand Bombardier, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreál, Queb́ec H3T 1J4, Canada ‡Laboratoire de l'Inteǵration du Mateŕiau au System̀e, Universite ́ de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5218, École Nationale Supeŕieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France

Controlling the Morphology and Performance of Bulk Heterojunctions in Solar Cells. Lessons Learned from the Benchmark Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester System

The present review rationalizes the information spread in the literature concerning the use and role of buffer layers in polymer solar cells. Usual device structures include buffer layers, both at the anode and at the cathode interface, mainly to favour charge collection and extraction, but also to improve the device’s overall performance. Buffer layers are actually essential for achieving highly efficient polymer solar cells and can no more be considered as “optional”, thus the need and importance of understanding their properties and role. The aim of this review is to give the reader an overview of this topic and to provide a practical and useful tool for the daily activities of researchers in the field of polymer photovoltaics.

The role of buffer layers in polymer solar cells

Polymer solar cells: Recent development and possible routes for improvement in the performance

The formation of 2D polyaniline (PANI) has attracted considerable interest due to its expected electronic and optoelectronic properties. Although PANI was discovered over 150 y ago, obtaining an atomically well-defined 2D PANI framework has been a longstanding challenge. Here, we describe the synthesis of 2D PANI via the direct pyrolysis of hexaaminobenzene trihydrochloride single crystals in solid state. The 2D PANI consists of three phenyl rings sharing six nitrogen atoms, and its structural unit has the empirical formula of C 3 N. The topological and electronic structures of the 2D PANI were revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy combined with a first-principle density functional theory calculation. The electronic properties of pristine 2D PANI films (undoped) showed ambipolar behaviors with a Dirac point of –37 V and an average conductivity of 0.72 S/cm. After doping with hydrochloric acid, the conductivity jumped to 1.41 × 10 3 S/cm, which is the highest value for doped PANI reported to date. Although the structure of 2D PANI is analogous to graphene, it contains uniformly distributed nitrogen atoms for multifunctionality; hence, we anticipate that 2D PANI has strong potential, from wet chemistry to device applications, beyond linear PANI and other 2D materials.

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Two-dimensional polyaniline (C3N) from carbonized organic single crystals in solid state

https://www2.nsysu.edu.tw/OSL/publication/publist/129949555371087131.pdf

Chong-Si Wu

Papers

Polymer solar cells incorporating one-dimensional polyaniline nanotubes