Research on celebrity endorsements has been exhaustive. The purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of celebrities on buying behavior and the role of perceived risk as a...

Perceived risk as a moderator in the relationship between perception of celebrity endorsement and buying behavior: evidence from rural consumers of India

The modern agricultural production is facing the problem of a growing society connected with the growing asking for food as well as different environmental threats. To solve this issue, agricultural production should be more sustainable and efficient which can be reached by using new technologies. In the paper the most important technologies, which were evaluated by different research methods to find how and when they could be used for a sustainable intensification of agriculture were highlighted by applying technology and market readiness models. By asking professionals from different fields of agriculture in practice as well as academia it was found that technologies that collect or utilize advanced data (sensors, drones) used for knowledge based management are more applicable for use, contrary to nanotechnologies where the costs of development and applications limits the readiness.
JEL Classification: Q16

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Assessing Readiness Levels of Production Technologies for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture

The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the efficacy of an 8-week exercise programme conducted in e-learning mode on high school students’ academic performance. The aim was to examine the changes in physical fitness and learning outcomes during the enforced period of lockdown caused by outbreak of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of schools in Italy. Thirty high-school students (14–15 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) that performed an at-home workout programme (~60 min., twice a week), or a control group (n = 15) who received only a regular programme of theoretical lessons where no practice takes place. Both groups were synchronized in real-time with the physical education teacher. In order to assess students’ starting level and significant changes reached, at baseline and after training, a battery of standardized assessment motor tests (Standing long jump test, Harvard step test, sit and reach test, and butt kicks test), and an academic achievement test (Amos 8–15) were administered. In comparison to the control group at baseline and the end of the programme, the experimental group reported considerable improvements in motivation and concentration, significant anxiety reduction, and an increase in capacity to organize studying and to be more flexible. Moreover, it was possible to observe the efficacy of the workout to improve learning ability among practicing students (p < 0.001). No significant changes were found in the control group. The results suggest that a school-based exercise programme conducted online could be a powerful approach in order to achieve the best academic outcomes and for improving students’ physical fitness as well as their cognitive health.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/5812/pdf

The Impact of an 8-Weeks At-Home Physical Activity Plan on Academic Achievement at the Time of COVID-19 Lock-Down in Italian School

In Hungary the undisputable merit of TAO subsidy is realized in replenishment training, human resource development and development of sports infrastructure. The other important base of replenishment development is „Handball at School” programme managed by Hungarian Handball Federation. „Handball at School” programme was launched in relation to every-day physical education and we undertook the skills-building role of its impact assessment. A survey programme was organised by us in the autumn and spring semesters of 2015/ 2016 academic year aiming to prove that project has positive effect on aiming accuracy and performance stability results of pupils, as well as their precision of technical implemetation. 183 pupils were examined who had two sponge-handball lessons a week out of their 5 physical education lessons. When choosing the pilot scenes it was considered important to get Budapest, Easternand Western Hungary also involved. To examine aiming accuracy two tests were applied. One is „throwing at a target from throwing straddle without previous swing” performed by the pupils. The children were expected to hit the small box five times with right technical implementation meaning that it was done with lifted elbow. After the first implementation they were given some time to relax and the the shots were repeated five times again. The children were asked another task to perform, a similar one to the first, but it had to be performed from running up, that is they ran back from a line, took the sponge ball, ran back to the line and had to hit the small box again with lifted elbow. At this task several aspects were noted and measured again: the time needed for implementation, target accuracy and also whether the technical implementation of the throw was accurate.
JEL Classification: I21, Z28

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The Role of „Handball At School” Program in Ability Development and Replenishment Training

A disszertacioban bemutatasra kerul a magyar lakossag sporthoz valo viszonya. Az eredmenyekből kiderul, hogy a magyarok 69%-a sohasem sportol, illetve 69%-uk soha nem latogat el sportmerkőzesre. Mind a resztvevői, mind a nezői sportreszvetel alacsony, azaz jelenleg hazankban a sportfogyasztas csak egy szűk csoportra jellemző.

A sportolas rovid es hosszu tavu kedvező hatasai jol ismertek. Az egyeni szemelyes előnyok mellett a sportolas tamogatasa reven a tarsadalom egeszsegi allapotanak koltseghatekony megőrzese is biztosithato. Egy egeszsegesebb tarsadalomban kisebb egeszsegugyi/ tarsadalombiztositas kiadasra van szukseg, nő a termelekenyseg es a GDP, mindemellett csokken a munkahelyi hianyzas merteke.

A sport fogalman belul megkulonboztethető egymastol a szabadidősport es a professzionalis sport terulete. A dolgozat az előbbire, azaz az egyen szamara rendelkezesre allo szabadidőben vegzett sporttevekenysegre koncentral. A disszertacio celja, hogy bemutassa a szabadidősport fogyasztas jellemzőit, kulonos tekintettel az egyent korulvevő szűk tarsas kornyezet hatasara. Annak megertese, hogy miert sportolnak az emberek, illetve hogyan osztonozhető a sportolasban valo reszvetel, kiemelten fontos mind a maganszfera, mind az allam szamara. Előbbi eseteben az uzleti erdek, utobbieban a tarsadalom egeszseges műkodesenek biztositasa indokolja ezt.

Fontos kerdes, hogy a sport, mint termek lenyegesen kulonbozik-e mas termekektől, vannak-e egyeni, sajatos vonasai. Bemutatva a sport jellegzetessegeit kijelenthető, hogy igen, a teruletnek vannak olyan sajatossagai (alapismerveiben, tartalmaban, bemutatasaban), amelyek mint termeket egyedive teszik. Ez a szfera igy olyan kezelest igenyel, amely elter a „mainstream” uzleti marketing megkozelitesetől

 
Aktivnak lenni tobb energiat es erőfeszitest kovetel meg – folyamatosan. Ezzel szemben a modern tarsadalom tagjai az azonnali, a jelenben elvezhető oromoket keresik, anelkul, hogy hosszabb tavra terveznenek. Meg kell erteni, hogy melyek azok a tenyezők, amelyek atsegithetik a ma emberet ezeken a nehezsegeken. Ugy tűnik, hogy azonnali elmenyt, pozitiv visszajelzest kell biztositania a sportnak is. Ezt biztosithatja a kornyezet, kiemelten az emberi tenyezők. 

A sportmarketing alkalmazott tudomany, igy a kutatasok eredmenyeinek a gyakorlat szamara is hasznosnak es jelentősegteljesnek kell lenniuk. Az elvegzett kutatas celul tűzte ki, hogy olyan ismeretekre tegyen szert, amelyek segitsegevel megerthető a sportolast befolyasolo legfőbb tenyezők hatasa, igy az egyen szűk kornyezetenek (csalad, baratok, iskola) jelentősege.

Társas környezet és sportfogyasztás. A folyamatos megrősítést igénylő tanult fogyasztás.

As aging causes challenges in several countries globally, more and more people are suffering from bad health conditions. Nowadays, COVID-19 causes many problems-and one of the root causes of these problems is the isolation of people from each other. The aim of our article is to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on people's physical activity. Physical activity is strongly correlated with health status and health preservation is very important to minimize the negative effects of the pandemic. In order to investigate this topic, we prepared an extended literature review, citing the most important sources of COVID-related health-preservation issues. Our results showed that the negative economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic have caused a decrease in physical activities in several cases. A reduction in possible physical activities has a potential negative effect on the life expectancies of elderly people. In order to underline the importance of physical activities, we prepared an extended literature review, aiming to summarize the available knowledge related to COVID-19. As a conclusion we recommend to strengthen, maintain, and develop available sporting possibilities for people. The most important of these recommendations is the development of physical activities that are available for free. 

/pdf/lockdowns-and-physical-activities-sports-in-the-time-of-quwj2e59.pdf

Lockdowns and Physical Activities: Sports in the Time of COVID

It is one of the main duties of sports in higher education to provide health conscious and sports-loving managers to the society. University years are a good opportunity to do sports in an organised framework, as well as lifestyle consultancy and to make use of the preventive function of sports. In this environment, the approach of students can still be shaped within a formal framework and their level of interest towards sports can still be increased. Furthermore, they can be motivated and become committed to sports if they have positive experiences. The aim of my analysis is to explore and describe the characteristics, peculiarities and current situation of higher education leisure sports. In this study, I present the results of the analysis of data collected with the first eight questions of the situation assessment part of the questionnaire survey. More specifically, I examined the evaluation of leisure sports activities, free sports opportunities and the branches of sports in which these are provided. I was also looking to find out where these sports opportunities are available for students inside or outside the institution and who they are organised and managed by. At the same time, I examined sports opportunities whose costs are paid by the student and analysed which branches of sports are available. Based on my results, I concluded that the sports opportunities of students are especially good according to the managers. This statement confronts the research findings which suggest that the sports activity of students is very low.
JEL code: Z20

Examination of leisure sports alternatives provided by higher education institutions.

The present study is a synthesizing analysis of international literature on correlations between sustainability, sport, and physical activity The study of sustainability is considered essential in modern research; its multidisciplinary approach relies on sports science and sports economics as well There are several aspects of sustainability that are closely associated with health and health preservation; the beneficial effect of exercise on health is also widely known For the analysis of this complex matter, our current study relied on secondary sources, and besides exploring specialist literature, it also illustrates and analyzes related statistical data Our results highlight the correlations between living environment and physical activity, the importance of increasing individual commitment towards sustainability and using green spaces for exercising, as well as questions on social and environmental development in relation to physical activity The study revealed the existence of highly complex links between physical environment, physical activities, and sustainability The results section of our study provides a brief summary on the possible ways of making people physically active Increasing physical activity is of paramount importance for achieving the objectives formulated in relation to sustainability

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1455/pdf

Sustainability-Sport-Physical Activity

Healthy nutrition and a regular exercise are two important pillars of healthy lifestyle. Several researches point out that significant part of the population has incomplete knowledge regarding these topics. The Hungarian population is characterized by unhealthy eating habits and low level of regular exercise, which together result in a high obesity rate and poor health status among the Hungarians. Besides these, another unfavourable fact is the sedentary lifestyle: adults spend more than 5 hours a day in sitting position on average. The Hungarians’ daily physical activity is only 70% of the recommendations, and we only spend 10 minutes a day doing sports. Vegetables and fruits are important ingredients of a healthy and balanced diet, the consumption rate of which is quite low in several European countries including Hungary. In our article we present the main characteristics and contexts of healthy nutrition and physical activity. In addition, we analyze a nutrition research activity which can be an important basis for integrative strategies. Based on secondary research, we present research results that demonstrate the protective effects of vegetable and fruit consumption connected to various diseases. Furthermore, we present the unfavorable tendencies of vegetable and fruit consumption of the European and Hungarian population, and we make suggestions in order to improve the unfavourable circumstances and indicators. We also focus on the socio-ecological model of the nutrition guideline, the levels of which significantly affect our habits related to nutrition and physical activity.
JEL code: I12

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Az egészséges táplálkozás szerepe és jelentősége

Equestrian services appear in recreation, sports and tourism as well. The favorable natural and cultural values of Hungary and the image of the equestrian nation based on the traditions of the horse provide a favorable background for the development of supply elements. The lowland character and horse culture of the Northern Great Plain region, and the continuous development of horseback riding services here, reinforces the equestrian supply element in the field of sport and leisure. Our in - depth interviews were conducted among service providers with a “horseshoe rating” (N = 11) operating in the Northern Great Plain Region. The results show that all service providers consider and plan the development of equine, infrastructure and human resources, although the source of its financing is different (from state, other successful businesses, realized business results of equestrian enterprises). Equestrian service providers with no horseshoe rating have identified the improvement of quality, the 3, 4, and 5 horseshoe qualified service providers for the expansion of the complex program offering and product diversification.

Christa Pfau

Papers

Lockdowns and Physical Activities: Sports in the Time of COVID

Examination of leisure sports alternatives provided by higher education institutions.

Sustainability-Sport-Physical Activity

Az egészséges táplálkozás szerepe és jelentősége

Lovas szolgáltató létesítmények összehasonlító elemzése az Észak-alföldi régióban