https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hep.20701

Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in up to one third of the general population and in the majority of patients with metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Insulin resistance is a key pathogenic factor resulting in hepatic fat accumulation. Recent evidence demonstrates NAFLD in turn, exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance and often precedes glucose intolerance. Once hepatic steatosis is established, other factors including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut-derived lipopolysaccharide and adipocytokines, may promote hepatocellular damage, inflammation and progressive liver disease. Confirmation of the diagnosis of NAFLD can usually be achieved by imaging studies, however staging the disease requires a liver biopsy. NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, probably because of complications of insulin resistance such as vascular disease, as well as due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which occurs in a minority of patients. NAFLD is also now recognized to account for a substantial proportion of patients previously diagnosed with 'cryptogenic cirrhosis'. Diabetes, obesity and the necroinflammatory form of NAFLD known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, are risk factors for progressive liver disease. Current treatment relies on weight loss and exercise, although various insulin-sensitizing medications appear promising. Further research is needed to identify which patients will achieve the most benefit from therapy.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hep.25762

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(99)70506-8/pdf

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(05)00694-3/pdf

The Natural History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study

https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(04)00014-X/pdf

Christi A. Matteoni

Papers

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: assessment of variability in pathologic interpretations.

Hepatic iron and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Pathologic features associated with fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.