Showing papers by "Christian Berger published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , the concentration of two elements within equivalent atomic columns from STEM-EELS elemental maps was determined by using parameters obtained from the actual experiment, and the results were then used as prior information during the Rietveld refinement in XRD measurements in order to differentiate between barium and lanthanum.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the harmful effects of cyberbullying and the implications of different coping strategies on depressive symptoms in the context of a pandemic in diverse regional and national samples.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the bidirectional associations of prosocial behavior with peer acceptance and peer rejection with data collected at three time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 660 early Chilean adolescents (M = 12.94, SD = 0.62; 55.1% boys).
Abstract: Abstract As most studies on the link between peer status and prosocial behavior are cross-sectional, conducted with children, and operationalize status as the difference between acceptance and rejection, it remains unclear whether peer acceptance and rejection are consequences or prerequisites of prosocial behavior in adolescence. To fill this gap, this study examines the bidirectional associations of prosocial behavior with peer acceptance and peer rejection with data collected at 3 time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 660 early Chilean adolescents ( M = 12.94, SD = 0.62; 55.1% boys). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that prosocial behavior positively predicted future peer acceptance, whereas peer acceptance had no significant effect on future prosocial behavior. The association between rejection and prosocial behavior was negative and bidirectional between Time 1 and Time 2. When a new academic year began, between Time 2 and Time 3, prosocial behavior negatively predicted rejection, whereas rejection in the previous grade level was positively associated with prosocial behavior at the beginning of the next grade. Multi-group panel analyses did not detect significant differences between boys and girls in the cross-lagged associations of prosociality with peer acceptance and peer rejection. The results suggest that acting prosocially can make adolescents better liked by their peers and highlight the possible importance of the transition to a new academic year for the prosocial behavior of previously rejected students. Implications for future research on peer relations are discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of moral disengagement and peer social norms on prosocial and pro-environmental behaviors was investigated in a longitudinal study with 704 Chilean adolescents, and the results highlight the moral nature of prosocial behaviors and the relevant role that peers have in promoting these behaviors.
Abstract: Prosocial behaviors, and more recently, proenvironmental behaviors, have been proposed as two dimensions of an overarching disposition towards the common good. Both behaviors imply a moral dimension and are influenced by the social contexts in which they unfold. In the present study we test these associations, assessing the effect of moral disengagement and peer social norms on prosocial and proenvironmental behaviors. We analyzed the first data wave of an ongoing longitudinal study including 704 Chilean adolescents (301 male, 378 female and 25 do not answer; from 6th to 10th graders). Structural Equation Models showed that prosocial and proenvironmental behaviors were significantly associated with each other, and both with moral disengagement. Direct and cross effects of peer social norms were found for prosocial and proenvironmental behaviors. Moreover, peer social norms on proenvironmental behavior moderated the association between moral disengagement and individual proenvironmental behavior, but the same moderation effect for prosocial norms was not observed. These results highlight the moral nature of prosocial and proenvironmental behaviors and the relevant role that peers have in promoting these behaviors. Results are further discussed regarding their educational and developmental implications.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors consider the scope and impact of school bullying, including its online expression, and report on innovative research that was conducted in conjunction with UNESCO using the eDelphi method of consultation to understand the best way to tackle school bullying at a global level.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Bullying is an issue that continues to represent a significant challenge to the provision of pastoral care in schools. In more recent decades, it has evolved in its complexity to include forms of bullying often referred to as cyberbullying or online bullying. Reflecting a wider discourse on pastoral care, recent analysis of how schools have been addressing bullying (face-to-face and online) has resulted in a recognition that initiatives to address school bullying must involve a wider community than a single school. This paper will briefly consider the scope and impact of school bullying (including its online expression) and then report on innovative research that was conducted in conjunction with UNESCO using the eDelphi method of consultation to understand the best way to tackle school bullying at a global level. We outline in detail how experts recommend a move from a whole-school to a whole-education approach to tackling bullying.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined factors associated with youth's attitudes towards their government's response to the pandemic and their blaming of individuals from certain risk groups, ethnic backgrounds, and countries or regions.
Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has had a major impact on youth. This study examined factors associated with youth’s attitudes towards their government’s response to the pandemic and their blaming of individuals from certain risk groups, ethnic backgrounds, and countries or regions. In a sample of 5,682 young adults (Mage = 22) from 14 countries, lower perceived burden due to COVID-19, more collectivistic and less individualistic values, and more empathy were associated with more positive attitudes towards the government and less blaming of individuals of certain groups. Youth’s social identification with others in the pandemic mediated these associations in the same direction, apart from the COVID-19 burden on attitudes, which had a positive indirect effect. No evidence of country-level moderation was found.
2 citations
19 May 2022
TL;DR: This paper explored subjective experiences and perceptions related to intimacy in friendships in a group of aggressive-popular adolescents in urban schools characterized by high rates of community violence and found that adolescents exhibit aggressive behavior and value popularity as an adaptive form of social survival, and belonging.
Abstract: This study explores the subjective experiences and perceptions related to intimacy in friendships in a group of aggressive-popular adolescents in urban schools characterized by high rates of community violence. Individual interviews were conducted with 12 volunteering adolescents (12–14 years old). Procedures from grounded theory were used to enable thematic coding, departing from a social identity, socio-emotional, and ecological perspective. The narratives by adolescents highlighted the influence the social environment in which they grew had on individual psychological conditions that shape their emotional responses, self-concept, and beliefs. They exhibit aggressive behavior and to value popularity as an adaptive form of social survival, and belonging. Their social behavior has influence on their friendships face challenges, especially regarding the perception of envy from friends and the associated self-disclosure constraints when individuals are involved in high-violence contexts.
1 citations
10 Feb 2022
TL;DR: The results show that the pedestrian-vehicle interaction influences pedestrian behavior, and the models using the proposed PVI extractor can capture the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles, and thereby outperform the compared methods.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles and propose a novel neural network structure called the Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction (PVI) extractor for learning the pedestrian-vehicle interaction. We implement the proposed PVI extractor on both sequential approaches (long short-term memory (LSTM) models) and non-sequential approaches (convolutional models). We use the Waymo Open Dataset that contains real-world urban traffic scenes with both pedestrian and vehicle annotations. For the LSTM-based models, our proposed model is compared with Social-LSTM and Social-GAN, and using our proposed PVI extractor reduces the average displacement error (ADE) and the final displacement error (FDE) by 7.46% and 5.24%, respectively. For the convolutional-based models, our proposed model is compared with Social-STGCNN and Social-IWSTCNN, and using our proposed PVI extractor reduces the ADE and FDE by 2.10% and 1.27%, respectively. The results show that the pedestrian-vehicle interaction influences pedestrian behavior, and the models using the proposed PVI extractor can capture the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles, and thereby outperform the compared methods.
1 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined how individual academic performance is associated with friendships among 240 5th and 6th graders in a convenience sample from 8 classrooms of two private-subsidized schools in Santiago, Chile.
Abstract: Educational research has shown that academic achievement and peer relationships are associated from early school years, where friends play a significant role in influencing students' school adjustment, attitudes, and behaviors. The present study examines how individual academic performance is associated with friendships among 240 5th and 6th graders. The information on students' friendships, academic performance, gender, popularity, and social preference was collected in a convenience sample from 8 classrooms of 2 private-subsidized schools in Santiago, Chile. Longitudinal social network analysis (RSiena) was used to study the co-evolution of academic performance and friendship dynamics, by assessing simultaneously selection and influence processes, and by incorporating social status covariates (popularity and social preference) as moderators of friendship selection and influence. Results showed that friendships were more likely to occur between same-sex peers and between students with similar social status. Regarding social influence, friends influenced individual's academic performance. Moreover, socially preferred students were more likely to be influenced by friends' academic performance, but the same did not occur for popular students. These results might suggest that socially preferred students' attributes (cooperation, reciprocity, and high-quality friendships) would facilitate the influence of academic performance. In contrast, popular students would be less sensitive to their friends' academic performance focusing instead on salient behaviors (e.g., aggression). The findings underline the importance of understanding social network dynamics in educational settings.
1 citations
TL;DR: The Symphonie fantastique in particular can be interpreted as a composition in which Berlioz dealt explicitly with his illness, the idée fixe taking on the role of a seizure motif as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: There is ample evidence to indicate that Hector Berlioz suffered from a specific epilepsy syndrome that can be diagnosed as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. This biographical background provides a foundation for reappraising many peculiarities of his oeuvre. The Symphonie fantastique in particular can be interpreted as a composition in which Berlioz deals explicitly with his illness, the idée fixe taking on the role of a seizure motif. Based on an interdisciplinary cooperation between a neurologist and a musicologist, we provide an indepth analysis of both the well-known “program” and the score of the Symphonie fantastique from an epileptological perspective. This innovative approach allows a plausible and coherent, medically corroborated and thus “natural” reinterpretation of Berlioz’s masterpiece within its autobiographical context.
TL;DR: It is found that the activity of the transcriptional activator Yap1 to be enriched in active NSCs, and single cell RNA sequencing revealed the partial induction of an activated NSC gene expression program.
Abstract: Most adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) remain quiescent with only a minor portion undergoing active proliferation and neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that trigger eventually the transition from quiescence to activation are still poorly understood. Here, we found the activity of the transcriptional activator Yap1 to be enriched in active NSCs. Genetic deletion of Yap1 led to a significant reduction in the relative proportion of active NSCs supporting a physiological role of Yap1 in regulating the transition from quiescence to activation. Overexpression of wild type Yap1 in adult NSCs did not induce NSC activation suggesting tight upstream control mechanisms, but overexpression of a gain-of-function mutant (Yap1-5SA) elicited cell cycle entry in NSCs and hilar astrocytes. Consistent with a role of Yap1 in NSC activation, single cell RNA sequencing revealed the partial induction of an activated NSC gene expression program. Yet, Yap1-5SA expression also induced Taz and other key components of the Yap/Taz regulon previously identified in glioblastoma stem cell-like cells. Consequently, dysregulated Yap1 activity led to repression of hippocampal neurogenesis, promoting aberrant differentiation instead.
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01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: For instance, Psykhe as mentioned in this paper cumple 30 años, a revista founded by a profesor de la Escuela de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Jorge Gissi, who desarrollado una labor editorial ininterrumpida de la mano de diversos equipos editoriales consolidando progresivamente el proyecto editorial de the revista that is reconocida hoy a nivel nacional e internacional.
Abstract: Junto con el presente número, Psykhe cumple 30 años. Desde su fundación en 1992 por el profesor de la Escuela de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Jorge Gissi, Psykhe ha desarrollado una labor editorial ininterrumpida de la mano de diversos equipos editoriales consolidando progresivamente el proyecto editorial de la revista que es reconocida hoy a nivel nacional e internacional. La contribución que ha realizado Psykhe al desarrollo y difusión de la disciplina psicológica y, en particular, de su investigación tanto en Chile como en Latinoamérica es palpable en la calidad de los artículos que en ella se publican. La diversidad de dichos trabajos, su rigurosidad, relevancia tanto para la investigación como para su aplicación práctica, y la atingencia de las temáticas abordadas respecto de los distintos fenómenos emergentes que han desafiado a nuestra disciplina, dan cuenta de la contribución de autoras y autores de diversas partes del mundo, así como de las revisoras y revisores, que han colaborado con Psykhe en el proceso editorial.
09 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors propose a solution to solve the problem of the problem: this paper ] of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" of the solution.
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