This paper presents an evidence-based model for the nature and mode of action of homeopathic remedies. Recent studies reveal that homeopathic remedies contain nanoparticles (NPs) of source materials formed by "top-down" mechanical grinding in lactose and/or succussion (forceful agitation) in ethanolic solutions. Silica nanostructures formed during succussions in glass and/or biosynthesized by specific plant extract tinctures also may acquire and convey epitaxial information from remedy source materials into higher potencies. NPs have enhanced bioavailability, adsorptive capabilities, adjuvant reactivity, electromagnetic and quantum properties compared with their bulk forms. NPs induce adaptive changes in the organism at nontoxic doses (hormesis), serving as salient, low level danger signals to the biological stress response network. Activation of stress response effectors, including heat shock proteins, inflammasomes, cytokines and neuroendocrine pathways, initiate beneficial compensatory reactions across the interconnected networks of the organism as a complex adaptive system. Homeopathic remedies act by stimulating hormetic adaptive rather than conventional pharmacological effects. Updating terminology from "homeopathy" to "adaptive network nanomedicine" reflects the integration of this historical but controversial medical system with modern scientific findings.

Adaptive network nanomedicine: an integrated model for homeopathic medicine.

Homeopathy is a holistic method of treatment that uses ultralow doses of highly diluted natural substances originating from plants, minerals, or animals and is based on the principle of "like cures like." Despite being occasionally challenged for its scientific validity and mechanism of action, homeopathy continues to enjoy the confidence of millions of patients around the world who opt for this mode of treatment. Contrary to skeptics' views, research on home-opathy using modern tools mostly tends to support its efficacy and advocates new ideas toward understanding its mechanism of action. As part of a Point-Counterpoint feature, this review and its companion piece in this issue by Moffett et al (Integr Cancer Ther. 2006;5:333-342) are composed of a thesis section, a response section in reaction to the companion thesis, and a rebuttal section to address issues raised in the companion response.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735406294794

Laboratory Research in Homeopathy: Pro

Sepsis is a dysregulated host immune response due to an uncontrolled infection. It is a leading cause of mortality in adult intensive care units globally. When the host immune response induced against a local infection fails to contain it locally, it progresses to sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and death. Literature survey was performed on the roles of different innate and adaptive immune cells in the development and progression of sepsis. Additionally, the effects of septic changes on reprogramming of different immune cells were also summarized to prepare the manuscript. Scientific evidences to date suggest that the loss of balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses results in reprogramming of immune cell activities that lead to irreversible tissue damaging events and multi-organ failure during sepsis. Many surface receptors expressed on immune cells at various stages of sepsis have been suggested as biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis. Various immunomodulatory therapeutics, which could improve the functions of immune cells during sepsis, were 
shown to restore immunological homeostasis and improve survival in animal models of sepsis. In-depth and comprehensive knowledge on the immune cell activities and their correlation with severity of sepsis will help clinicians and scientists to design effective immunomodulatory therapeutics for treating sepsis.

Role of cellular events in the pathophysiology of sepsis

OBJECTIVES: To update a previous clinical practice guideline on suctioning in adult patients, published in the Canadian Respiratory Journal in 2001.

/pdf/updating-the-evidence-base-for-suctioning-adult-patients-a-11rtoq3bgv.pdf

Updating the evidence base for suctioning adult patients: A systematic review

The present paper reviews the clinical research carried out over the past three decades to evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathy for the treatment of respiratory allergies, common upper respiratory tract infections, otorhinolaryngologic complaints, and rheumatic diseases. We include in the analysis both randomised and non-randomised trials, assigning them different weightings in the final balance of evidence, on the basis of semi-quantitative criteria. Overall, the literature concerning a total of 83 original studies suggests that homeopathy may have significant effects in some conditions, e.g. Galphimia glauca (low homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations) in allergic oculorhinitis, Anas barbariae (high homeopathic dilution/dynamization) in influenza-like syndromes, classical individualised homeopathy in otitis, in allergic complaints and in fibromyalgia, and a few low-potency homeopathic complexes in sinusitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, arthritis. The evidence for individualised homeopathic therapy in the field of upper respiratory tract infections and for homeopathic immunotherapy in respiratory allergies is more conflicting. Pragmatic equivalence trials suggest that, in primary care, homeopathic treatment is not inferior to conventional treatment. A larger number of observational studies and of clinical trials -- conducted in a methodologically correct manner without altering the treatment setting-- are needed before sure conclusions concerning the application of homeopathy for specific diseases can be drawn.

/pdf/advances-in-homeopathy-and-immunology-a-review-of-clinical-5gghj1dbxh.pdf

Advances in homeopathy and immunology: a review of clinical research.

https://www.inter-uni.net/static/download/publication/komplementaer/c_2004_Frass_et_al_Homeopathy_sepsis.pdf

Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit.

http://dcscience.net/frass-homeop-icu-05.pdf

Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal secretions in critically ill patients.

Bias in the trial and reporting of trials of homeopathy: a fundamental breakdown in peer review and standards?

Asymmetry in The Lancet meta-analysis.

https://www.inter-uni.net/static/download/publication/komplementaer/c_2006_Frass_et.al_JMHG_fantasy_or_reality.pdf

Christian Endler

Papers

Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit.

Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal secretions in critically ill patients.

Bias in the trial and reporting of trials of homeopathy: a fundamental breakdown in peer review and standards?

Asymmetry in The Lancet meta-analysis.

Homeopathy: Fantasy or reality?