The analytical applications of the evolved gas analyses (EGAs) performed by mass spectrometry for the period extending from 2005 to 2010 are collected in this review. By EGA, the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program are determined on-line, with the possibility to prove a supposed reaction either under isothermal or under heating conditions.

Evolved Gas Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Materials at the nanoscale exhibit specific physicochemical interactions with their environment. Therefore, evaluating their toxic potential is a primary requirement for regulatory purposes and for the safer development of nanomedicines. In this review, to aid the understanding of nano–bio interactions from environmental and health and safety perspectives, the potential, reality, challenges, and future advances that artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) present are described. Herein, AI and ML algorithms that assist in the reporting of the minimum information required for biomaterial characterization and aid in the development and establishment of standard operating procedures are focused. ML tools and ab initio simulations adopted to improve the reproducibility of data for robust quantitative comparisons and to facilitate in silico modeling and meta‐analyses leading to a substantial contribution to safe‐by‐design development in nanotoxicology/nanomedicine are mainly focused. In addition, future opportunities and challenges in the application of ML in nanoinformatics, which is particularly well‐suited for the clinical translation of nanotherapeutics, are highlighted. This comprehensive review is believed that it will promote an unprecedented involvement of AI research in improvements in the field of nanotoxicology and nanomedicine.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Empower Advanced Biomedical Material Design to Toxicity Prediction

Influence of annealing on phase transformation and specific capacitance enhancement in Bi2O3

The hydrolysis of [Bi6O4(OH)4(NO3)6]·H2O (1) in the presence of sodium alkylsulfonates gave the oxidobismuth sulfonates [{Bi38O45(C4H7SO3)8(NO3)14(dmso)19.5(H2O)2}][{Bi38O45(C4H7SO3)10(NO3)16(dmso)16(H2O)2}]·3H2O·3dmso (2, dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide), [Bi38O45(C6H13SO3)14(NO3)10(dmso)28] (3), and [Bi38O45(C8H17SO3)16(NO3)8(dmso)12] (4) upon crystallization from dmso. Compound 2 is the first example of a nanoscaled oxidobismuth cluster that is composed of both an anionic (charge 2–) and a cationic (charge 2+) fragment in the solid state. The clusters were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as thermal analysis. Crystals obtained for 2 were suitable for single-crystal structure analysis.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polynuclear Oxidobismuth Sulfonates

Synthesis and thermochemistry of new phase BaCe0.7Nd0.2In0.1O2.85

Synthesis and thermal decomposition of [Bi6O6(OH)2](NH2C6H4SO3)4

Synthesis and thermal decomposition of new compound containing Bi(III) complex and 4-toluenesulfonate

Breakdown phenomena during anodization of aluminium in galvanostatic and voltastatic regimes

New [Bi6O4(OH)4](CH3NHC6H4SO3)6 complex: synthesis and thermal decomposition

The electronic currents in the (+)Bi/Bi2O3/electrolyte system have been studied during tensiostatic anodization of Bi in two aqueous and two nonaqueous contact electrolytes. The obtained results are compared with the J
 e(E) dependencies, derived from the polarization of already formed Bi2O3 films. Furthermore, a discussion based on the theoretical models of Poole–Frenkel, Schottky, and Christov is conducted. Data for relative permittivity of Bi2O3 films obtained from tensiostatic anodization are compared with those derived from the polarization of preformed Bi2O3 films for the same contact electrolytes.

Christian Girginov

Papers

Synthesis and thermal decomposition of [Bi6O6(OH)2](NH2C6H4SO3)4

Synthesis and thermal decomposition of new compound containing Bi(III) complex and 4-toluenesulfonate

Breakdown phenomena during anodization of aluminium in galvanostatic and voltastatic regimes

New [Bi6O4(OH)4](CH3NHC6H4SO3)6 complex: synthesis and thermal decomposition

Еlectronic currents in the (+)Bi/Bi2O3/electrolyte system during tensiostatic anodization