We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

A new species

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

Ordovician and Silurian sea–water chemistry, sea level, and climate: A synopsis

Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous SystemsDiscovering the BrainThe Structure and Evolution of the SunPolity and Governance: UPSC Prelims 2020 Highly Expected QuestionsThe Structure And Evolution Of StarsThe biology of Latimeria chalumnae and evolution of coelacanthsAn Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and EvolutionSeismic and Numerical Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Oceanic LithosphereStructure and Evolution of StarsDemocracy and Constitutionalism in IndiaThe Structure of Evolutionary TheoryEvolution of Magmatic and Diamond-Forming Systems of the Earth's Lower MantleComparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral CortexValue, Competition and ExploitationRecords of the Western Australian MuseumThe Ocean BasinsThe Origin Nature and Evolution of Protoplasmic Individuals and Their AssociationsComparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral CortexThe Structure and Evolution of StarsAn Introduction to the Evolution of Single and Binary StarsEvolution of the Vertebrate EarThe Evolution of the Primate HandBasic Structure and Evolution of VertebratesMajor Events in Early Vertebrate EvolutionEvolution and Development of FishesStellar InteriorsThe Structure and Evolution of GalaxiesThe Physics of StarsThe Evolution of the Primate HandCosmologyDetermination of Basic Structure-Property Relations for Processing and Modeling in Advanced Nuclear FuelThe Structure and Evolution of the SunPhysics, Formation and Evolution of Rotating StarsStructure and Evolution of Single StarsBuilding the Most Complex Structure on EarthDetermination of Basic Structure-property Relations for Processing and Modeling of Advanced Nuclear FuelsA Program of Ground-Based Astronomy to Complement Einstein ObservationsAn Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and EvolutionRapport Grønlands Geologiske UndersøgelseComparative Genomics and Evolution of Eukaryotic Phospholipidbiosynthesis The Origin, Nature and Evolution of Protoplasmic Individuals and their Associations explores living beings of all levels of complexity in relation to each other and to the various ambient sources that they use to survive: protoplasmic individuals and their associations, cells and their associations, animals, and man. The book considers the concepts of evolution and of living beings; the main stages in biological evolution; the organisms' individuality, nature, way of formation, phylogenetic, and ontogenetic origin; essential property of the organisms of living beings; and creature modeling. The text also discusses the phylogenesis, ontogenesis, and the nature of the soma; the spatial and temporal environment connecting biological and geological evolution; and concepts of feeding and nutrition. Three separate sections describe phylogenetic origin of the first protoplasmic individuals; the protoplasmic individual as defined by its action and experience; and evolution in protoplasmic level.The Physics of Stars, Second Edition, is a concise introduction to the properties of stellar interiors and consequently the structure and evolution of stars. Strongly emphasising the basic physics, simple and uncomplicated theoretical models are used to illustrate clearly the connections between fundamental physics and stellar properties. This text does not intend to be encyclopaedic, rather it tends to focus on the most interesting and important aspects of stellar structure, evolution and nucleosynthesis. In the Second Edition, a new chapter on Helioseismology has been added, along with a list of physical constants and extra student problems. There is also new material on the HertztsprungRussell diagram, as well as a general updating of the entire text. It includes numerous problems at the end of each chapter aimed at both testing and extending student's knowledge.With the development of nuclear physics the theory of the stellar interior entered a new phase. Many new investigations have been conducted and the results published in a variety of specialized media. This book brings these results together in a single volume and summarizes the present status of the theory of stellar evolution. Originally published in 1958. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously outof-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.Phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes produce diverse molecular structures and are often present in multiple forms encoded by different genes. This work utilizes comparative genomics and phylogenetics for exploring the distribution, structure and evolution of phospholipid biosynthetic genes and pathways in 26 eukaryotic genomes. Although the basic structure of the pathways was formed early in eukaryotic evolution, the emerging picture indicates that individual enzyme families followed unique evolutionary courses. For example, choline and ethanolamine kinases and cytidylyltransferases emerged in ancestral eukaryotes, whereas, multiple forms of the corresponding phosphatidyltransferases evolved mainly in a lineage specific manner. Furthermore, several unicellular eukaryotes maintain bacterial-type enzymes and reactions for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. Also, base-exchange phosphatidylserine synthases are widespread and ancestral enzymes. The multiplicity of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes has been largely generated by gene expansion in a lineage specific manner. Thus, these observations suggest that phospholipid biosynthesis has been an actively evolving system. Finally, comparative genomic analysis indicates the existence of novel phosphatidyltransferases and provides a candidate for the uncharacterized eukaryotic phosphatidylglycerol phosphate phosphatase.The objective of the funded research is to formulate and carry out a program of groundbased astronomical observations to complement X-ray data accumulated with the Einstein Observatory, and to use the results of these multiwavelength studies in addressing a number of significant astrophysical problems of current interest. The work focuses on three main topics: quasar emission mechanisms and their evolution; the structure and evolution of supernova remnants and the neutron stars which they may contain; and, the processes leading to high energy emission in the outer atmosphere (winds, coronae, etc) of main sequence stars. The physics to be addressed ranges from the generation and energetics of neutron star particle beams and their interaction with the surrounding medium to the details of supernova shock waves and their role in cosmic ray acceleration; from the basic structure of matter at supernuclear densities in neutron star interiors to the basic structure of the Universe as revealed in the evolution of quasars; and, from the study of the radiation processes in distant active galactic nuclei to the identification of the critical parameters which determine the level of coronal activity in nearby late-type stars. A detailed progress report is contained in section C below; sections D and F list the of the research reports and papers.This book equips the reader with a coherent understanding of the structure of the Sun and its evolution and provides all the knowledge required to construct a simplified model of the Sun. The early chapters cover key aspects of basic physics and describe the Sun’s size, mass, luminosity, and

Basic Structure and Evolution of Vertebrates.

The distribution of organic forms is clumpy at any scale from populations to the highest taxonomic categ- ories, and whether considered within clades or within eco- systems. The fossil record provides little support for expectations that the morphological gaps between species or groups of species have increased through time as it might if the gaps were created by extinction of a more homogen- eous distribution of morphologies. As the quantitative assessments of morphology have replaced counts of higher taxa as a metric of morphological disparity, numerous stud- ies have demonstrated the rapid construction of morpho- space early in evolutionary radiations, and have emphasized the difference between taxonomic measures of morphologi- cal diversity and quantitative assessments of disparity. Other studies have evaluated changing patterns of disparity across mass extinctions, ecomorphological patterns and the pat- terns of convergence within ecological communities, while the development of theoretical morphology has greatly aided efforts to understand why some forms do not occur. A parallel, and until recently, largely separate research effort in evolutionary developmental biology has established that the developmental toolkit underlying the remarkable breadth of metazoan form is largely identical among Bilate- ria, and many components are shared among all metazoa. Underlying this concern with disparity is a question about temporal variation in the production of morphological innovations, a debate over the relative significance of the generation of new morphologies vs. differential probabili- ties of their successful introduction, and the relative importance of constraint, convergence and contingency in the evolution of form.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00614.x

Disparity: morphological pattern and developmental context

Klug, C., Kroger, B., Kiessling, W., Mullins, G.L., Servais, T., Frýda, J., Korn, D. & Turner, S. 2009: The Devonian nekton revolution. Lethaia, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00206.x

Traditional analyses of Early Phanerozoic marine diversity at the genus level show an explosive radiation of marine life until the Late Ordovician, followed by a phase of erratic decline continuing until the end of the Palaeozoic, whereas a more recent analysis extends the duration of this early radiation into the Devonian. This catch-all approach hides an evolutionary and ecological key event long after the Ordovician radiation: the rapid occupation of the free water column by animals during the Devonian. Here, we explore the timing of the occupation of the water column in the Palaeozoic and test the hypothesis that ecological escalation led to fundamental evolutionary changes in the mid-Palaeozoic marine water column. According to our analyses, demersal and nektonic modes of life were probably initially driven by competition in the diversity-saturated benthic habitats together with the availability of abundant planktonic food. Escalatory feedback then promoted the rapid rise of nekton in the Devonian as suggested by the sequence and tempo of water-column occupation. □Devonian, diversity, ecology, food webs, nekton, plankton, radiation.

/pdf/the-devonian-nekton-revolution-2m1qdxk3i9.pdf

The Devonian nekton revolution

The onset of the ‘Ordovician Plankton Revolution’ in the late Cambrian

The generally accepted theory of a U-mode sutural ontogeny of prolecanitid ammonoids and their descendants is refuted. The basic suture formula of the order Prolecanitida is E A L U I (not E L U2 U1 I), resembling that of derived members of the suborder Tornoceratina (their phylogenetic ancestors), and of the suborder Goniatitina. During phylogeny of the prolecanitids, secondary umbilical lobes are introduced and lead to multilobate forms. In early ceratites, the original L lobe disappeared, and an increase in sutural elements took place by the introduction of supplementary U lobes. Consequently, sutural nomenclature of Permian ceratites and Mesozoic ammonoids has to be modified.

The A‐mode sutural ontogeny in prolecanitid ammonoids

Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology

Ichthyoliths, mainly shark teeth, from the Famennian of Iran and Northwest Africa are described Evolution of shallow-water chondrichthyan assemblages on the shelves of Central Iran and the Tafilalt Platform, Morocco, related to time and environmental changes, is discussed Four new taxa, viz Deihim mansureae gen et sp nov, Protacrodus serra sp nov, Phoebodus depressus sp nov, and Ph gothicus transitans subsp nov are erected and provisional reconstructions of heterodonty in dentitions of several Famennian sharks are proposed

Christian Klug

Papers

The Devonian nekton revolution

The onset of the ‘Ordovician Plankton Revolution’ in the late Cambrian

The A‐mode sutural ontogeny in prolecanitid ammonoids

Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology

Famennian chondrichthyans from the shelves of North Gondwana