Enhanced oil recovery techniques for heavy oil and oilsands reservoirs after steam injection

The electric properties of the bitumen/water interface Part II. Application of the ionizable surface-group model

A review on systematic approach for microbial enhanced oil recovery technologies: Opportunities and challenges

Sequential deep eutectic solvent and steam injection for enhanced heavy oil recovery and in-situ upgrading

Adsorption and retention behaviors of heterogeneous combination flooding system composed of dispersed particle gel and surfactant

A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the potential of improving tertiary oil recovery of intermediate to heavy oils by use of caustic soda as a chemical additive in waterflooding and steamflooding. Seven aspects of this study were examined. In all cases, the process was started with a fresh and similarly waterand oil-saturated sandpack. The sandpack was obtained each time by packing sieved glass beads in the range of 35 to 48 mesh size. The cases include: (1) weak caustic soda flooding (0.001 g/cm/sup 3/) of previously waterflooded sandpack followed by steamflood, (2) caustic steamflooding immediately after waterflooding the saturated sandpack, (3) a process similar to Case 2 followed by a second cycle flooding with a higher concentration (0.0015 g/cm/sup 3/) of caustic steam, (4) waterflooding a saturated sandpack followed by conventional steamflood, (5) caustic flooding of water-saturated sandpack followed by caustic steamflood, (6) cyclic steam/caustic flooding of watersaturated sandpack, and (7) determination of the optimal temperature for caustic flood. The results of these experiments showed that as a chemical additive for tertiary waterflooding and steamflooding, caustic soda substantially improved oil recovery of mildly acidic 18/sup 0/API gravity oil over conventional waterflood and steamflood.

Caustic steam flooding

The results of the laboratory studies of alkaline steam flooding of previously water flooded sandpacks and cores are presented in this paper In these studies the applicability of alkali as chemical additives to steam in tertiary recovery of heavy oil was investigated Four kinds of alkali: Sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide were added to steam, each on separate case, as a chemical additive to enhance oil recovery from water flooded sandpacks and cores These studies examined the feasibility of achieving the following goals: combination of the individual oil recovery mechanisms of steam flood and alkaline flood to improve the net recovery performance over either single process, improvement of sweep and displacement efficiencies by having alkaline condensate sweep the lower portion of the formation usually over ridden by steam, low interfacial tension displacement induced by in situ solvent drive, favorable wettability alteration, rigid film breaking, viscosity reduction, temperature reduction, below that for conventional steam flooding, in alkaline steam flooding without loss in oil recovery performance, determination of the optimal temperature range for alkaline steam flooding in tertiary oil recovery processes, and evaluation of the recovery performance of alkaline steam flooding at low residual oil saturations Sodium hydroxide,more » sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide - steam floods in sandpacks recovered, each, about 9 percent more of initial oil in place than conventional steam flood With berea core as the displacement media, caustic steam flooding and sodium silicate - steam flooding recovered 10 and 65 percent respectively more of initial oil in place than conventional steam flooding« less

Enhanced Recovery of Oil by Alkaline Steam Flooding

A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the potential of improving tertiary oil recovery of intermediate to heavy oils by using caustic soda as a chemical additive in water flooding and steam flooding. Seven aspects of this study were examined. In all the cases, the process was started with a fresh and similarly water and oil saturated sandpack. The results of these experiments show that as a chemical additive for tertiary water flood and steam flood, caustic soda substantially improved oil recovery of mildly acidic 18/degree/ API gravity oil over conventional water flood and steam flood. The performance of cool caustic flood as a tertiary recovery mechanism was good at high residual oil saturation and poor at low residual oil saturation. 18 refs.

Christian Udokwu Okoye

Papers

Caustic steam flooding

Enhanced Recovery of Oil by Alkaline Steam Flooding

Caustic steam flooding