자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Doing Qualitative Research

The Social Psychology of Groups. J. W Thibaut & H. H. Kelley. New York: alley, 1959. The team of Thibaut and Kelley goes back to 1946 when, after serving in different units of the armed services psychology program, the authors joined the Research Center for Group Dynamics, first at M.LT and then at the University of Michigan. Their continued association eventuated in appointments as fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 19561957. It is during these years that their collaboration resulted in the publication of The Social Psychology of Groups. The book was designed to "bring order and coherence to present-day research in interpersonal relations and group functioning." To accomplish this aim, the authors introduced, defined, and illustrated basic concepts in an effort to explain the simplest of social phenomena, the two-person relationship. These basic principles and concepts were then employed to illuminate larger problems and more complex social relationships and to examine the significance of such concepts as roles, norm, power, group cohesiveness, and status. The lasting legacy of this book is derived from the fact that the concepts and principles discussed therein serve as a foundation for one of the dominant conceptual frameworks in the field of family studies today-the social exchange framework. Specifically, much of our contemporary thinking about the process of interpersonal attraction and about how individuals evaluate their close relationships has been influenced by the theory and concepts introduced in The Social Psychology of Groups. Today, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley, we think of interpersonal attraction as resulting from the unique valence of driving and restraining forces, rewards and costs, subjectively thought to be available from a specific relationship and its competing alternatives. We understand, as well, that relationships are evaluated through complex and subjectively based comparative processes. As a result, when we think about assessing the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their relationships, we take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the importance they attribute to different aspects of a relationship (e.g., financial security, sexual fulfillment, companionship). We also take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the levels of rewards and costs that they believe are realistically obtainable and deserved from a relationship. In addition, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley's theoretical focus on the concept of dependence and the interrelationship between attraction and dependence, there has evolved within the field of family studies a deeper appreciation for the complexities and variability found within relationships. Individuals are dependent on their relationships, according to Thibaut and Kelley, when the outcomes derived from the existing relationship exceed those perceived to be available in competing alternatives. Individuals who are highly dependent on their relationships are less likely to act to end their relationships. This dependence and the stability it engenders may or may not be voluntary, depending on the degree to which individuals are attracted to and satisfied with their relationships. When individuals are both attracted to and dependent on their relationships, they can be thought of as voluntarily participating in their relationship. That is, they are likely to commit themselves to the partner and relationship and actively work for its continuance. Thibaut and Kelley termed those relationships characterized by low levels of satisfaction and high levels of dependence "nonvoluntary relationships. …

The Social Psychology of Groups

Everybody knows that digital technology has revolutionized our economy and our lifestyles. But how many of us really understand the drivers behind the technology – the significance of going digital; the miniaturization of electronic devices; the role of venture capital in financing the revolution; the importance of research and development? How many of us understand what it takes to make money from innovative technologies? Should we worry about manufacturing going offshore? What is the role of India and China in the digital economy? Drawing on a lifetime’s experience in the industry, as an engineer, a senior manager, and as a partner in a global venture capital firm, Henry Kressel offers an expert personalized answer to all these questions. He explains how the technology works, why it matters, how it is financed, and what the key lessons are for public policy.

Competing for the Future

Social-exchange theory predicts higher-level leaders’ abusive supervision to trickle-down to lower-level leaders’ abusive supervision. We develop and test an extension to this conception by suggest...

A Trickle-down Model of Abusive Supervision and Firm Performance in Family and Non-Family Firms

Surviving disruptive change: The role of history in aligning strategy and identity in family businesses

Nach Koch (2007) kann in den modernen Industrienationen beobachtet werden, dass die Monopolstellung des Staates im Angebot und in der Verteilung offentlicher Dienste an ein Ende gekommen ist. Vielmehr setzt sich eine Auflosung dieses Monopols durch und erzeugt ein breites Spektrum an burokratisch erstellten Dienstleistungen bis hin zu privaten Losungen oder einem Mix aus beidem. Effekte resultieren in einer groseren Flexibilitat des Staates, der in einem Netzwerk von Kontrakten sich selbst regulieren-der Einheiten daran misst, ob sie strategisch vorgegebene oder vereinbarte Ziele erreichen helfen. Auch wenn dies (pfadabhangig) von Staat zu Staat unterschiedlich verlauft, zeigt sich, dass die neuen Metaphern eher Markte, Dezentralisierung, Netzwerke, Wettbewerb, Effizienz und Selbststeuerung beinhalten.

Strategieprozesse im Personalmanagement öffentlicher Dienste

I broaden the area of organizational and strategy research by introducing the concept of taboo issues. I perform a longitudinal, inductive, qualitative study to explore how the strategic actors in a religious organization address and respond to taboo-breaking issues. My findings highlight that such claims are perceived as a harmful deviation of the foundational principles and codified doctrines of the organization. However, when leaders hold themselves accountable for their strategic claims, reframing the tabooed issues and meeting events to garner legitimacy for these claims, they transform the initially taboo-breaking claims and retain the righteousness of a taboo-laden debate.

Christina Hoon

Papers

A Trickle-down Model of Abusive Supervision and Firm Performance in Family and Non-Family Firms

Surviving disruptive change: The role of history in aligning strategy and identity in family businesses

Strategieprozesse im Personalmanagement öffentlicher Dienste

Too Taboo to Change: How Actors Address and Respond to Taboo-Breaking Issues

Führung in Teams: „Geteilte Führung“ als Beitrag zum Führungsprozess