자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Doing Qualitative Research

The Social Psychology of Groups. J. W Thibaut & H. H. Kelley. New York: alley, 1959. The team of Thibaut and Kelley goes back to 1946 when, after serving in different units of the armed services psychology program, the authors joined the Research Center for Group Dynamics, first at M.LT and then at the University of Michigan. Their continued association eventuated in appointments as fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 19561957. It is during these years that their collaboration resulted in the publication of The Social Psychology of Groups. The book was designed to "bring order and coherence to present-day research in interpersonal relations and group functioning." To accomplish this aim, the authors introduced, defined, and illustrated basic concepts in an effort to explain the simplest of social phenomena, the two-person relationship. These basic principles and concepts were then employed to illuminate larger problems and more complex social relationships and to examine the significance of such concepts as roles, norm, power, group cohesiveness, and status. The lasting legacy of this book is derived from the fact that the concepts and principles discussed therein serve as a foundation for one of the dominant conceptual frameworks in the field of family studies today-the social exchange framework. Specifically, much of our contemporary thinking about the process of interpersonal attraction and about how individuals evaluate their close relationships has been influenced by the theory and concepts introduced in The Social Psychology of Groups. Today, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley, we think of interpersonal attraction as resulting from the unique valence of driving and restraining forces, rewards and costs, subjectively thought to be available from a specific relationship and its competing alternatives. We understand, as well, that relationships are evaluated through complex and subjectively based comparative processes. As a result, when we think about assessing the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their relationships, we take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the importance they attribute to different aspects of a relationship (e.g., financial security, sexual fulfillment, companionship). We also take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the levels of rewards and costs that they believe are realistically obtainable and deserved from a relationship. In addition, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley's theoretical focus on the concept of dependence and the interrelationship between attraction and dependence, there has evolved within the field of family studies a deeper appreciation for the complexities and variability found within relationships. Individuals are dependent on their relationships, according to Thibaut and Kelley, when the outcomes derived from the existing relationship exceed those perceived to be available in competing alternatives. Individuals who are highly dependent on their relationships are less likely to act to end their relationships. This dependence and the stability it engenders may or may not be voluntary, depending on the degree to which individuals are attracted to and satisfied with their relationships. When individuals are both attracted to and dependent on their relationships, they can be thought of as voluntarily participating in their relationship. That is, they are likely to commit themselves to the partner and relationship and actively work for its continuance. Thibaut and Kelley termed those relationships characterized by low levels of satisfaction and high levels of dependence "nonvoluntary relationships. …

The Social Psychology of Groups

Everybody knows that digital technology has revolutionized our economy and our lifestyles. But how many of us really understand the drivers behind the technology – the significance of going digital; the miniaturization of electronic devices; the role of venture capital in financing the revolution; the importance of research and development? How many of us understand what it takes to make money from innovative technologies? Should we worry about manufacturing going offshore? What is the role of India and China in the digital economy? Drawing on a lifetime’s experience in the industry, as an engineer, a senior manager, and as a partner in a global venture capital firm, Henry Kressel offers an expert personalized answer to all these questions. He explains how the technology works, why it matters, how it is financed, and what the key lessons are for public policy.

Competing for the Future

Reform offentlicher Verwaltungen: Stand der Reformdiskussion Fallstudie: Einfuhrung von Personalentwicklung in einer offentlichen Verwaltung Strategieprozessforschung: Leading-Change Ansatz und Strategic Decision-Making Ansatz Untersuchungsergebnisse

Reformen öffentlicher Verwaltungen : ein Beitrag zur Strategieprozessforschung

This article aims to further clarify the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) construct. By conducting a qualitative study, we examine the roots of emotional endowment and personal SEW. The results of the case study involving 13 founding firms indicate that SEW develops in the early stages of a business' life cycle. The study revealed two types of personal SEW priorities, namely achievement-related priorities and ties-related priorities. We propose that these different types of SEW priorities constitute a good predictor for explaining the transition of a founder firm into a family firm. This article contributes both to the research on SEW and on intergenerational intention by combining them in a unique way.

Unpacking socio-emotional wealth: exploring the origins of affective endowment in founder firms

This paper explores shared leadership arrangements at the top of a family firm where leadership is equally shared among a group of family members rather than focused on a designated leader. Pairing different capabilities, characteristics and leadership strategies is viewed as being of benefit in hybrid family firms which face the different sets of logic inherent in maintaining their familiness while also enabling flexibility. We build on the shared leadership approach and recent work on succession and sibling teams to examine the following research question: How do sibling teams succeed in synchronizing their leadership efforts into a successful leadership team? In this research, we draw upon a qualitative, inductive case study to explore two siblings who jointly hold the responsibility at the top of a family firm. Findings indicate that the co-leaders integrate their shared leadership activities into concerted action by considering their reciprocated affirmation, by drawing upon their shared entrepreneurial spirit, and by acknowledging their complementarity. By discovering the integrating mechanisms of shared leadership practices at the top of family firms, we contribute to both the family business literature and research on shared leadership.

Shared Leadership at the Top of Family Firms: How Sibling Teams Engage in Successful Co-leadership

This study is concerned with how founding stories are sustained across multiple generations of employees in family firms and how these stories influence organizational identification. Drawing on a social memory perspective and narrative memory work, we explore the retold founding stories of employees in a large agricultural family firm. Our study demonstrates that founding stories transform firsthand memories into collective memory across multiple generations through intertwining intradiegetic storytelling with material and relational processes. The effortful work of remembering together across familial and social relations, spaces, and embodied ways explains how successive generations understand their belongingness to the organization.

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Christina Hoon

Papers

Reformen öffentlicher Verwaltungen : ein Beitrag zur Strategieprozessforschung

Unpacking socio-emotional wealth: exploring the origins of affective endowment in founder firms

Shared Leadership at the Top of Family Firms: How Sibling Teams Engage in Successful Co-leadership

Narrative Memory Work of Employees in Family Businesses: How Founding Stories Shape Organizational Identification

Identity leadership in family businesses: The important role of nonfamily leaders