There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Recently, biometric systems (BSs) have experienced a broad development mainly due to the great success of deep learning approaches. Generally, most BS provide high security and efficiency. However, they are still vulnerable to attack presentations (APs). To overcome such security issues, these schemes include a Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) module which determines whether the input sample stems from an AP or a bona fide presentation (BP). Traditionally, most PAD subsystems assess the biometric sample prior to the recognition module. In this work, we evaluate to what extent the inverted combination, where the biometric recognition module filters samples prior to the assessment of a PAD mechanism, leads to an overall PAD performance improvement. The experimental evaluation conducted over two well-known databases including challenging attacks, reports a significant improvement in the detection performance when input samples were first filtered by the biometric recognition: only 1% of the APs are accepted while at most 5% BPs are rejected by the PAD subsystem.

When Facial Recognition Systems become Presentation Attack Detectors

In identity retrieval from crime scene images, the outer ear (auricle) has ever since been regarded as a valuable characteristic. Because of its unique and permanent shape, the auricle also attracted the attention of researches in the field of biometrics over the last years. Since then, numerous pattern recognition techniques have been applied to ear images but similarly to face recognition, rotation and pose still pose problems to ear recognition systems. One solution for this is 3D ear imaging. the segmentation of the ear, prior to the actual feature extraction step, however, remains an unsolved problem. In 2010 Zhou at al. have proposed a solution for ear detection in 3D images, which incorporates a nave classifier using Shape Index Histogram. Histograms of Categorized Shapes (HCS) is reported to be efficient and accurate, but has difficulties with rotations. In our work, we extend the performance measures provided by Zhou et al. by evaluating the detection rate of the HCS detector under more realistic conditions. This includes performance measures with ear images under pose variations. Secondly, we propose to modify the ear detection approach by Zhou et al. towards making it invariant to rotation by using a rotation symmetric, circular detection window. Shape index histograms are extracted at different radii in order to get overlapping subsets within the circle. The detection performance of the modified HCS detector is evaluated on two different datasets, one of them containing images n various poses.

Towards making HCS Ear detection robust against rotation, ICCST 2012, October 15-18 Boston, USA

Face verification has come into increasing focus in various applications including the European Entry/Exit System, which integrates face recognition mechanisms. At the same time, the rapid advancement of biometric authentication requires extensive performance tests in order to inhibit the discriminatory treatment of travellers due to their demographic background. However, the use of face images collected as part of border controls is restricted by the European General Data Protection Law to be processed for no other reason than its original purpose. Therefore, this paper investigates the suitability of synthetic face images generated with StyleGAN and StyleGAN2 to compensate for the urgent lack of publicly available large-scale test data. Specifically, two deep learning-based (SER-FIQ, FaceQnet v1) and one standard-based (ISO/IEC TR 29794-5) face image quality assessment algorithm is utilized to compare the applicability of synthetic face images compared to real face images extracted from the FRGC dataset. Finally, based on the analysis of impostor score distributions and utility score distributions, our experiments reveal negligible differences between StyleGAN vs. StyleGAN2, and further also minor discrepancies compared to real face images.

On the Applicability of Synthetic Data for Face Recognition

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Einrichtung zur automatischen Markierung von Ausdrucken einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage, an der ein Nutzer einen Ausdruck eines Dokumentes in Auftrag gibt und zumindest ein Teil der Dokumentdaten des Dokumentes mit einer fur den Nutzer am Ausdruck nicht unmittelbar wahrnehmbaren Markierung versehen wird. The present invention relates to a method and a device for automatic marking of printing a data processing system to which a user is an expression of a document in order and at least a portion of the document data of the document is provided with a not immediately perceptible to the user on the expression of marker. Das Verfahren und die Einrichtung zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass uber einen Mechanismus fur die Ausfuhrung des Druckauftrages generierte Druckdaten, die zumindest die Dokumentdaten und Steuerdaten umfassen, innerhalb der Datenverarbeitungsanlage in einer fur den Nutzer nicht zuganglichen Betriebssystemebene uber eine Markierungskomponente umgeleitet werden, die die Markierung der Dokumentdaten vornimmt. The method and apparatus are characterized in that will be diverted within the data processing system in a non-accessible to the users operating system level via a labeling component of a mechanism for execution of the print job generated pressure data comprising at least the document data and control data, which mark the the document data makes. DOLLAR A Das Verfahren ermoglicht eine sichere Markierung aller ausgedruckten Dokumente, anhand derer der Auftraggeber des Ausdrucks sowie die Authentizitat des jeweiligen Dokumentes leicht festgestellt werden konnen. DOLLAR A The procedure enables reliable marker of all printed documents by which the principal of expression and the authenticity of each document can be easily determined.

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur automatischen Markierung von Ausdrucken einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage Method and apparatus for automatic labeling of printing a data processing system

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of periocular-based sex-prediction (commonly referred to as gender classification) using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. In order to reflect a more challenging scenario where periocular images are likely to be obtained from an unknown source, i.e. sensor, convolutional neural networks are trained on fused sets composed of several near-infrared (NIR) and visible wavelength (VW) image databases. In a cross-sensor scenario within each spectrum an average classification accuracy of approximately 85\% is achieved. When sex-prediction is performed across spectra an average classification accuracy of about 82\% is obtained. Finally, a multi-spectral sex-prediction yields a classification accuracy of 83\% on average. Compared to proposed works, obtained results provide a more realistic estimation of the feasibility to predict a subject's sex from the periocular region.

Christoph Busch

Papers

When Facial Recognition Systems become Presentation Attack Detectors

Towards making HCS Ear detection robust against rotation, ICCST 2012, October 15-18 Boston, USA

On the Applicability of Synthetic Data for Face Recognition

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur automatischen Markierung von Ausdrucken einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage Method and apparatus for automatic labeling of printing a data processing system

Sex-Prediction from Periocular Images across Multiple Sensors and Spectra