Showing papers by "Christophe Béné published in 2005"
Posted Content•
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In sub-Saharan Africa, one out of every two people (49%) lives on less than $1 a day (World Bank 2004a) and one third of the population is undernourished (FAO 2003) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Today, in sub-Saharan Africa, one out of every two people (49%) lives on less than $1 a day (World Bank 2004a). While in other regions chronic hunger is receding, in sub-Saharan Africa malnutrition is still rising in both absolute and relative terms. More than one third (34%) of the subSaharan African population is undernourished (FAO 2003) – an increase of 9 million since the 1996 World Food Summit – with dramatic and sometimes irreversible consequences on the physical, social and economic development of the communities concerned. Between 15 000 and 20 000 African women die each year (41–55 every day) due to severe iron-defi ciency anemia. Vitamin A defi ciency in children is common across the whole continent, contributing to the deaths of more than half a million African children annually (UNICEF 2004).
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Castree revisited through a policy analysis the ongoing debate on shrimp farming aquaculture, and tried to relate them to the advocacy strategies developed by different networks and policy communities.
Abstract: This article revisits through a policy analysis the ongoing debate on shrimp farming aquaculture It describes the changes in policy orientations that have taken place in recent years, and tries to relate them to the advocacy strategies developed by different networks and policy communities The analysis reveals in particular the crucial contribution of the ‘power of expertise’ and shows how it has been instrumentalised by certain advocacy networks to depoliticise the debate While this has allowed a number of key stakeholders to refocus the debate on technical solutions, it has prevented other groups concerned with more intractable social and political issues from engaging successfully in the policy process, thus leaving the long-term sustainability of aquaculture still a contentious issue Policy is too political – too much about power and values – to be simply passed off as a domain of technical judgements and practices (Castree, 2002: 360) … obtaining the truth about farmed shrimp is an elusive goal and unfortunately is principally based on perceptions (Hargreaves, 1997: 43)
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored traditional management systems (TMS) in the arid zone fisheries of north-eastern Nigeria with particular reference to their impact on rural poverty, and concluded that while TMS provide a basis for the sustainable livelihoods of many fishing people, they also reflect and enforce the social positions of the rich and powerful members of society who oversee them, at the expense of the poor.
Abstract: This paper, based on fieldwork results, explores traditional management systems (TMS) in the arid zone fisheries of north-eastern Nigeria with particular reference to their impact on rural poverty. The first section provides a historical background by tracing the evolution of the TMS since the nineteenth century, with reference to government policy on fisheries management and poverty alleviation. The second gives an overview of TMS, including definitions, distribution, principal objectives, regulatory mechanisms and the impact of TMS on the performance of the fisheries and on the livelihoods of rural people. The third considers the perceptions and attitudes of the fishing communities with regards to the fisheries and TMS. The paper concludes, paradoxically, that while TMS provide a basis for the sustainable livelihoods of many fishing people, they also reflect and enforce the social positions of the rich and powerful members of society who oversee them, at the expense of the poor. In the future, poverty alleviation in fisheries will need to incorporate both sectoral and non-sectoral strategies – dealing with the existing ‘paradox of TMS’ by encouraging appropriate institutional changes and community development, and recognizing the importance of employment creation in other sectors of the economy as a source of alternative income.
36 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited through a policy analysis the ongoing debate on shrimp farming aquaculture, and tried to relate them to the advocacy strategies developed by different networks and policy communities.
Abstract: This article revisits through a policy analysis the ongoing debate on shrimp farming aquaculture. It describes the changes in policy orientations that have taken place in recent years, and tries to relate them to the advocacy strategies developed by different networks and policy communities. The analysis reveals in particular the crucial contribution of the 'power of expertise' and shows how it has been instrumentalised by certain advocacy networks to depoliticise the debate. While this has allowed a number of key stakeholders to refocus the debate on technical solutions, it has prevented other groups concerned with more intractable social and political issues from engaging successfully in the policy process, thus leaving the long-term sustainability of aquaculture still a contentious issue.
2 citations