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Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed

:The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, and the Philippines

Since the popularization of the big data concept, it has been implemented in various areas. Contemporary literature has proved the potential of using big data in crime prevention. In this research paper, we examine research on big data being used in Crime Prevention while implementing an author-centric to a concept-centric research approach. We also present the foundation for future research by analyzing data derived from the City of Chicago. We identified the neighborhoods in Chicago that are statistically more prone to crimes and used data of the last 10 years to make our observations. We additionally provide further discussion points for future research purpose.

Towards Crime Prevention Using Big Data Analytics: A Literature Review with an Explorative Case Study

Purpose




The advent and wide use of new digital technologies suggests that the internet is becoming a powerful new media for the imagination of city space. If this is the case then issues concerning urban representation on social media platforms such as Wikipedia provide an area of overlap and interest between urban studies and information studies. The purpose of this paper is to examine the representation of Manila, Philippines, one of the world’s major mega cities, on the popular online encyclopedia Wikipedia.




Design/methodology/approach




The author’s broad approach to the study of Wikipedia is qualitative in nature. For this study the entire Metro Manila article was downloaded on March 16, 2015 and subjected to textual analysis.




Findings




While the Wikipedia article on Manila cannot be classified as promotional, it is clear that much of the city remains invisible in this work. Such a puzzle becomes understandable when we examine the urban studies literature where we find that the spatial logic of the city itself helps conceal much from view, so that what we read on Wikipedia is a view from the islands of privilege rather than the oceans of marginalization that make up much of the city’s spatial form. If such a spatial structure is to change, representations such as found on Wikipedia need to be challenged.




Originality/value




Wikipedia is a key element of today’s information infrastructure yet despite its importance it remains relatively understudied within the field of information science. More specifically, the role of Wikipedia in representing cities, the dominant settlement form in the world today, has not been previously studied.

Representing Metro Manila on Wikipedia

This chapter approaches policing as a purposeful modulation of practice toward a specific goal. Locating policing within a field of practices people create and engage in as they seek the same goal focuses attention on policing as a component of processes that both regulate relationships and winnow the larger universe of regulations. Relating policing to a specific goal shifts the definition of policing from the maintenance of social order to the roles of policing in changing or disrupting some ways of enacting societal relationships in favor of others. Social order is then not always the product or purpose of policing. As people choose among options in a field of policing practices, they also shape the larger contexts of governance.

Policing Private Property against Poverty in Metropolitan Manila

Decisions by the US Supreme Court at the end of the Spanish American War facilitated US colonial expansionism by laying the foundations for a two-tiered system of rights in the Philippines. In tandem with establishing the legal boundaries of citizenship, politicians and media extended a race-based system of governance through speeches and graphic caricatures that racialised Filipinos as underdeveloped and threatening. Both the law and a patron-client system served to create a new Filipino elite that collaborated with the colonial authorities and entrenched cultural imperialism; the racial patterning of white American/Filipino relations was then transduced into class relations among Filipinos that continue to stratify Philippine society, with the Filipino elite replacing the colonial administrators in this two-tiered system of rights. Today, this racial categorisation and organisation of people continues to appear in popular imagery; and the replacement of race by class in a rights-based bifurcation of Phi...

The imperialism of race: class, rights and patronage in the Philippine city

Our everyday lives involve navigating in the public space. If the public space is not safe it will reduce our freedom of movement and ability to participate in school, work and public life. Awareness on the level of security and danger in our public space can help us prepare and secure the area around us. But the lack of boundaries of public space makes it difficult to assess the level of safety and designing of security. The theory suggest (Creating Defensible Space by Oscar Newman, 1976) that the more personal and individualize the space we have, the more control and influence we have of defending it. Based on this theory, we are proposing a new sociological term called "Individual's Local Community (ILC)", which addresses on the unique environment of each individual navigating the public space. ILC is designed as the smallest measurable unit crossover local communities. ILC will personalize each individual's navigation to the public space. To measure the level of danger and safety in ILC we developed an android-based mobile application that estimate the risk of being victimize of crime in specified space and time-period. To extend the concept, one resident's risk to become victim or perpetrators of crime incidents is evaluated by estimated values based on "stable" ILC and historical crime records. The evaluation system is developed as a mobile app, named as "Are You Safe". The application contains local crime maps and a GPS tracking component. Mathematical formulas are developed to evaluate the potential risk. Furthermore, a re-routing function is provided for "safer" ILC. The prototype of "Are You Safe" app is implemented and tested in the city of northwestern Pennsylvania, United States. We believe the ILC concept will enrich the study of Personal Big Data and enable us to study social science in a different level. Also the app will help residents to have a better understanding on the safety and security of their environment.

Crime Risk Evaluation in Individual's Local Community

Crime as political capital in the Philippines

A community within a shared geographical location is usually referred as a "local community". However, it is difficult to measure boundaries of local communities due to the complex of modern life. In this paper, we propose a new sociological term, as "Individual's Local Community (ILC)", which addresses on the unique environment of each individual. ILC is designed as the smallest measurable unit crossover local communities. An android-based mobile application is developed to collect and demonstrate ILC in certain period. To extend the concept, one resident's risk to be involved into crime incidents is evaluated by estimated values based on "stable" ILC and historical crime records. The evaluation system is developed as a mobile app, named as "Are You Safe". The application contains local crime maps and a GPS tracking component. Mathematical formulas are developed to evaluate the potential risk. Furthermore, a re-routing function is provided for "safer" ILC. The prototype of "Are You Safe" app is implemented and tested on a city in northwestern Pennsylvania, United States. We believe the ILC concept will enrich the study of Personal Big Data and enable us to study social science in a different level. Also the app will help residents to have a better understanding on their environment.

A case study to apply mobile technology into individual's local community

I want to begin this paper with this caricature (Figure 1) of Filipinos that appeared in the Minneapolis Tribune in 1901. This caricature portrays the binary images of Filipinos: the free civilized Filipinos who embraced peace, prosperity, public improvement, education and the United States; and the savage and imprisoned Filipinos who were considered diseased, troublemakers and torturers because of their opposition to colonization by the United States. Figure 1

Christopher Magno

Papers

The imperialism of race: class, rights and patronage in the Philippine city

Crime Risk Evaluation in Individual's Local Community

Crime as political capital in the Philippines

A case study to apply mobile technology into individual's local community

Policing Poverty and the Criminalization of the Poor