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[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/685594/file/1130605.pdf

Review of Particle Physics

We discuss the theoretical bases that underpin the automation of the computations of tree-level and next-to-leading order cross sections, of their matching to parton shower simulations, and of the merging of matched samples that differ by light-parton multiplicities. We present a computer program, MadGraph5 aMC@NLO, capable of handling all these computations — parton-level fixed order, shower-matched, merged — in a unified framework whose defining features are flexibility, high level of parallelisation, and human intervention limited to input physics quantities. We demonstrate the potential of the program by presenting selected phenomenological applications relevant to the LHC and to a 1-TeV e + e − collider. While next-to-leading order results are restricted to QCD corrections to SM processes in the first public version, we show that from the user viewpoint no changes have to be expected in the case of corrections due to any given renormalisable Lagrangian, and that the implementation of these are well under way.

/pdf/the-automated-computation-of-tree-level-and-next-to-leading-4etm0g6w46.pdf

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.

/pdf/pythia-6-4-physics-and-manual-3dvwmijpnq.pdf

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

Search for the Effects of Higher Order Terms in Deep Inelastic Lepton - Hadron Scattering

We present a new calculation of the K->pi semileptonic form factor at zero momentum transfer in domain wall lattice QCD with Nf=2+1 dynamical quark flavours. By using partially twisted boundary conditions we simulate directly at the phenomenologically relevant point of zero momentum transfer. We perform a joint analysis for all available ensembles which include three different lattice spacings (a=0.09-0.14fm), large physical volumes (m_pi*L>3.9) and pion masses as low as 171 MeV. The comprehensive set of simulation points allows for a detailed study of systematic effects leading to the prediction f+(0)=0.9670(20)(+18/-46), where the first error is statistical and the second error systematic. The result allows us to extract the CKM-matrix element |Vus|=0.2237(+13/-8) and confirm first-row CKM-unitarity in the Standard Model at the sub per mille level.

/pdf/the-kaon-semileptonic-form-factor-with-near-physical-domain-h265poqood.pdf

The kaon semileptonic form factor with near physical domain wall quarks

We present results for the first two moments of the light-cone distribution amplitudes of the pion and kaon pseudo-scalar mesons and of the rho, K* and phi vector mesons. The calculations are performed on the RBC/UKQCD collaborations' ensembles generated with the Iwasaki gauge action and with 2+1 flavours of domain wall fermions. In addition we also provide some results on the necessary non-perturbative renormalisation which we perform using the Rome-Southampton method. We discuss the benefits of the momentum source approach such as much smaller statistical errors and the possibility to see effects of the discretisation.

/pdf/parton-distribution-amplitudes-and-non-perturbative-3jfn4lf54l.pdf

Parton Distribution Amplitudes and Non-Perturbative Renormalisation

The precision of lattice QCD computations of many quantities has reached such a precision that isospin-breaking corrections, including electromagnetism, must be included if further progress is to be made in extracting fundamental information, such as the values of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements, from experimental measurements. We discuss the framework for including radiative corrections in leptonic and semileptonic decays of hadrons, including the treatment of infrared divergences. We briefly review isospin breaking in leptonic decays and present the first numerical results for the ratio $\Gamma(K_{\mu2})/\Gamma(\pi_{\mu2})$ in which these corrections have been included. We also discuss the additional theoretical issues which arise when including electromagnetic corrections to semileptonic decays, such as $K_{\ell3}$ decays. The separate definition of strong isospin-breaking effects and those due to electromagnetism requires a convention. We define and advocate conventions based on hadronic schemes, in which a chosen set of hadronic quantities, hadronic masses for example, are set equal in QCD and in QCD+QED. This is in contrast with schemes which have been largely used to date, in which the renormalised $\alpha_s(\mu)$ and quark masses are set equal in QCD and in QCD+QED in some renormalisation scheme and at some scale $\mu$.

/pdf/radiative-corrections-to-decay-amplitudes-in-lattice-qcd-2zaz1nyprt.pdf

Radiative corrections to decay amplitudes in lattice QCD

From simultaneous fits to the data from the 2+1 flavor DWF ensembles generated by the RBC and UKQCD collaborations at two different lattice spacings, we present preliminary continuum results for light hadrons. We focus on light pseudoscalar decay constants and quark masses. Several approaches to the calculation of the lattice spacing are discussed and the errors associated with the chiral extrapolation are explained. We make use of reweighting in the dynamical strange quark mass such that our ensembles have a self-consistently determined strange quark mass.

Christopher T. Sachrajda

Papers

Search for the Effects of Higher Order Terms in Deep Inelastic Lepton - Hadron Scattering

The kaon semileptonic form factor with near physical domain wall quarks

Parton Distribution Amplitudes and Non-Perturbative Renormalisation

Radiative corrections to decay amplitudes in lattice QCD

Continuum results for light hadrons from 2+1 flavor DWF ensembles