Statistics for Spatial Data.

We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance.

[1] The atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas results in the formation of ‘photochemical smog’, including secondary organic aerosol (SOA). State-of-the-art SOA models parameterize the results of simulation chamber experiments that bracket the conditions found in the polluted urban atmosphere. Here we show that in the real urban atmosphere reactive anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) produce much larger amounts of SOA than these models predict, even shortly after sunrise. Contrary to current belief, a significant fraction of the excess SOA is formed from first-generation AVOC oxidation products. Global models deem AVOCs a very minor contributor to SOA compared to biogenic VOCs (BVOCs). If our results are extrapolated to other urban areas, AVOCs could be responsible for additional 3–25 Tg yr−1 SOA production globally, and cause up to −0.1 W m−2 additional top-of-the-atmosphere radiative cooling.

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Anthropogenic Air Pollution: Rapid and Higher than Expected

Thirty-three brothels in rural and small-town Nevada, which contain between 225 and 250 prostitutes, are legal or openly tolerated and strictly controlled by state statute, city and county ordinances, and local rules. Twenty-two of the brothels are in places with populations between 500 and 8,000, and the remaining eleven are in rural areas. The legal and quasi-legal restrictions placed on prostitutes severely limit their activities outside brothels. These restrictions in conjunction with historical inertia, perceived benefits of crime and venereal disease control, and the good image of madams contribute to widespread positive local attitudes toward brothel prostitution. Interactions between clients and prostitutes in brothel parlors are also restricted and limited to a few basic types which are largely determined by entrepreneurial philosophy. KEY WORDS : Nevada, Political geography, Prostitution, Restricted activity spaces.

ANNALS of the Association of American Geographers

Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google Street View and a modified green view index

Using appropriate techniques to fill the data gaps in SLC-off ETM+ imagery may enable more scientific use of the data. The local linear histogram-matching technique chosen by USGS has limitations if the scenes being combined exhibit high temporal variability and radical differences in target radiance due, for example, to the presence of clouds. This study proposes using an alternative interpolation method, the kriging geostatistical technique, for filling the data gaps. The case study shows that the ordinary kriging techniques may provide a powerful tool for interpolating the missing pixels in the SLC-off ETM+ imagery. While the standardized ordinary cokriging has been shown to be particularly useful when samples of the variable to be predicted are sparse and samples of a second, related variable are plentiful, the case study demonstrates that it provides little improvement in interpolating the data gap in the SLC-off imagery.

Gaps-fill of SLC-off Landsat ETM+ satellite image using a geostatistical approach

The objective of this paper is to address two issues of current Internet Geographic Information Systems (GIS) programs – interoperability and graphic image output issues – using standard-based technologies, specifically, the Geography Markup Language (GML), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and the OpenGIS Web Feature Service (WFS) Implementation Specifications developed by the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC). A strategy is proposed to use GML as a coding and data transporting mechanism to achieve data interoperability, SVG to display GML data on the Web, and WFS as a data query mechanism to access and retrieve data at the feature level in real time on the Web. Two case studies are reported to implement this strategy. Our case studies show that the combination of GML, SVG, and WFS has an immense potential to achieve interoperability while not requiring considerable changes to existing legacy data. Data can be in their original formats and still be retrieved using WFS and transformed into GML in real time. SVG can produce superior quality vector maps on a Web browser. More research is needed to explore the full potential of these new standards and to test them in real-world situations.

The roles of geography markup language (GML), scalable vector graphics (SVG), and Web feature service (WFS) specifications in the development of Internet geographic information systems (GIS)

Predictive mapping of soil total nitrogen at a regional scale: A comparison between geographically weighted regression and cokriging

Who lives in greener neighborhoods? The distribution of street greenery and its association with residents' socioeconomic conditions in Hartford, Connecticut, USA

Chuanrong Zhang

Papers

Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google Street View and a modified green view index

Gaps-fill of SLC-off Landsat ETM+ satellite image using a geostatistical approach

The roles of geography markup language (GML), scalable vector graphics (SVG), and Web feature service (WFS) specifications in the development of Internet geographic information systems (GIS)

Predictive mapping of soil total nitrogen at a regional scale: A comparison between geographically weighted regression and cokriging

Who lives in greener neighborhoods? The distribution of street greenery and its association with residents' socioeconomic conditions in Hartford, Connecticut, USA