O estudo discute as consequencias sociais e, particularmente, da saude, decorrentes da ampliacao do numero de idosos no Brasil em um curto periodo. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, de 1998 e 2003, que indicam melhoria das condicoes de saude dos idosos e uma distribuicao de doenca cronica semelhante para todos os grupos de renda. Se, por um lado, os idosos apresentam maior carga de doencas e incapacidades, e usam mais os servicos de saude, por outro, os modelos vigentes de atencao a saude do idoso se mostram ineficientes e de alto custo, reclamando estruturas criativas e inovadoras, como os centros de convivencia com avaliacao e tratamento de saude. A agenda prioritaria da politica publica brasileira deveria priorizar a manutencao da capacidade funcional dos idosos, com monitoramento das condicoes de saude, com acoes preventivas e diferenciadas de saude e de educacao, com cuidados qualificados e atencao multidimensional e integral.

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Envejecimiento poblacional contemporáneo: demandas, desafíos e innovaciones

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a percepcao dos idosos sobre seu processo de comunicacao no envelhecimento. Metodos Estudo qualitativo, com base na metodologia pesquisa-acao-participante, desenvolvido por meio do Itinerario de pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que consiste de tres etapas dialeticas: investigacao tematica; codificacao e descodificacao e desvelamento critico. O estudo desenvolveu-se em quatro Circulos de Cultura, no periodo de junho a julho de 2017, incluindo a participacao de dez idosos de uma universidade aberta da terceira idade. Resultados A partir do dialogo, foram enunciadas tematicas que envolveram o desvelamento das tecnologias e seu impacto na comunicacao dos idosos. Destacaram-se a fragilidade dos participantes, em relacao aos avancos das Tecnologias da Informacao e Comunicacao, e a dificuldade apresentada por este publico nos processos interativos, principalmente relacionados a familia, decorrentes do uso em grande escala destas ferramentas. Conclusao Nao foram mencionados, pelos participantes, aspectos patologicos, ou em relacao as perdas funcionais do processo de envelhecimento, mas o interesse em dialogar sobre as tecnologias de informacao de comunicacao. O estudo representou a percepcao dos participantes nos Circulos de Cultura, evidenciando a relevância de metodologias, como a de Paulo Freire, na discussao de temas que tangem o cotidiano das pessoas, contribuindo para um processo reflexivo que busca a melhora da qualidade de vida.

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A percepção do idoso sobre a comunicação no processo de envelhecimento

Purpose: to analyze the association between social communication and independence for the Daily Living Instrumental Activities of elderly people residing in a territory assisted by the Family Health Strategy. Methods: a sectional study was conducted, with elderly ≥ 60 years. Data collection was performed through the application of a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire and protocols for the evaluation of functional independence and social communication. Functional independence was assessed through the scale of instrumental activities of daily living; And the media, through the media domain of the ASHA FACTS protocol. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: 123 elderly, in the average age of 68 years (Standard Deviation=7 years), the majority being females (72, 4%) and dependent (64, 2%), were evaluated. Most elderly with insufficient social communication had functional dependence (70,9%). After control by sociodemographic variables, the social communication remained significantly associated with the functional dependency for the instrumental activities of everyday life (Odds Ratio=2.45; p=0.04). Conclusion: elderly people presented with insufficient communication show twice as much the chance of having functional dependence for the Daily Living Instrumental Activities scale, as compared to elderly people with sufficient social communication. Knowledge of such an association can contribute to improving the care and quality of life of this population.

/pdf/social-communication-and-functional-independence-of-the-367cgr8j87.pdf

Social communication and functional independence of the elderly in a community assisted by the family health strategy

Objectives : To evaluate the functional and physiological structures of the stomatognathic system of the oral cavity of older adults based on self-perception, comparing the same with a professional clinical evaluation, and investigating the difficulties encountered when chewing. Method : An analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 53 older adults aged 60 to 90 years. A protocol consisting of three questionnaires was used: a sociodemographic evaluation, a self-perception based interview with 19 questions on the chewing of the older adults and a clinical evaluation containing 30 questions covering aspects of the oral cavity tissue. The self-perception and clinical evaluation scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the proportions observed for each item were compared by the binomial test. Results : It was found that the self-perception of older adults did not correspond to the result of the clinical evaluation. While 31 (58.5%) reported satisfaction with chewing, 16 (30.2%) had high/very high impairment and 14(26.4%) moderate impairment, based on the results of the clinical evaluation found. Conclusion : It was found that the chewing analysis process cannot be exclusively based on the answers provided by the older adults, and assessment proved to be more accurate when combined with a clinical evaluation performed by a professional.

/pdf/protocol-for-the-evaluation-of-chewing-among-older-adults-4tvfepfp36.pdf

Protocol for the evaluation of chewing among older adults

Objetivo: caracterizar a saude de idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade de Saude da Familia. Metodo: estudo quantitativo descritivo, transversal, realizado entre 2016 e 2017, com 159 participantes. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados instrumentos ja validados. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no SPSS versao 21.0 por meio de estatistica descritiva. Resultados: houve predominio de idosos jovens, do sexo feminino, alfabetizados e com renda de ate um salario minimo, que consideravam boa a sua saude. A hipertensao foi a patologia mais prevalente. Apresentaram boa capacidade funcional e boa qualidade de vida, ainda em risco para desnutricao, sem deficit cognitivo e sintomas depressivos. A maioria acessa os servicos publicos de saude e utiliza algum medicamento em carater cronico. Conclusao: os idosos cadastrados na unidade de saude nao apresentavam problemas de ordem cognitiva, nem psicoemocional e consideravam-se saudaveis, apesar de a maioria ter hipertensao arterial e terem sido detectados riscos para desnutricao. Descritores: Saude do Idoso. Saude da Familia. Saude Publica. Envelhecimento. Enfermagem Geriatrica.

https://cienciasmedicasbiologicas.ufba.br/index.php/enfermagem/article/download/28041/17402

Caracterização da saúde de idosos cadastrados em uma unidade de saúde da família

Purpose: to estimate the prevalence of oral communication, memory, reading and writing, voice and oral motor skills problems in elderly people. Methods: cross-sectional study with 75 older people registered in a Family Clinic of Rio de Janeiro. It was estimated the prevalence, in all cases and by sex. The presence of differences between the sexes was verified by statistical tests t and chi-square. Results: the problems most frequently related to oral communication and memory were the avoidance to communicate (20.5%), difficulty in remembering recent and past events (34.7% and 26.4% respectively). There was a high prevalence of difficulty in reading and writing. According to hearing, 43.10% reported "watching television and listening to radio too loud." Related to voice perception, 71.2% referred "speak loudly or shouting" and 23.6% to "get hoarse frequently." As far as Myofunctional oral motor skill, 24.7% had "difficulties in chewing in general" and 54.8% "snoring while sleeping." Conclusion: in this study, there was a large proportion of elderly people who referred difficulties related to language, hearing, speech and chewing skills, which are functions related to socialization, welfare and maintenance of functional autonomy and can directly interfere with their quality of life and health.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rcefac/v18n5/1982-0216-rcefac-18-05-01088.pdf

Claudia Maria de Lima Graça

Papers

Caracterização da saúde de idosos numa perspectiva fonoaudiológica