计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

/pdf/the-theory-of-industrial-organization-19bejph0ej.pdf

The Theory of Industrial Organization

Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.

Successful innovation depends on the development and integration of new knowledge in the innovation process. Part of this knowledge will reach the firm from external sources. Several authors have documented the existence of these external information flows and have commented on their importance for decisions at the firm level (Adam B. Jaffe, 1986; Jeffrey I. Bernstein and M. Ishaq Nadiri, 1988) and ultimately for economic growth (Paul M. Romer, 1990; Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman, 1991; Zvi Griliches, 1992). One challenge facing this literature has been the measurement of these information flows or “spillovers” between firms and gauging their effect on different innovation management decisions by the firm. While assessing spillovers, it is important to distinguish between incoming spillovers, which affect the rate of innovation of the firm, and appropriability, which affects the ability of the firm to appropriate the returns from innovation. The information sources for incoming spillovers are usually situated in the public domain, and their usefulness to the firm depend on the firm’s ability to create information flows from this public pool of knowledge. But firms also attempt to appropriate the benefits of their innovations by controlling the information flows out of the company into the pool of publicly available information. The relevance of distinguishing between incoming spillovers and appropriability is revealed when we use these measures to analyze their impact on the decision of firms to engage in cooperative RD Morton I. Kamien et al., 1992; Raymond De Bondt, 1997). On the other hand, imperfect appropriability increases the incentive of firms to free ride on each other’s RD Katrien Kesteloot and Veugelers, 1995) and encourages free-riding on the RD Veugelers: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and CEPR, Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium (e-mail: Reinhilde.Veugelers@econ.kuleuven.ac.be). The authors would especially like to thank an anonymous referee, as well as Raymond De Bondt, Paul Geroski, Mort Kamien, Steve Martin, Marno Verbeek, Gary Charness, James Costain, and Harry Bowen, for very helpful comments. We also thank the seminar participants at the London Business School, IESE Business School, Universidad Carlos III, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Universidad de Zaragoza, Universidad Publica de Navarra, the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and Paris I and Paris XII, and the participants in ASSET (Bologna), LASEM (Cancun), and EARIE (Turin). The DWTC and IWT generously provided the data for this research. Cassiman acknowledges support from BEC2000-1026 and CIRIT 1997SGR00138, and Veugelers from CNRS, Enjeux Economiques de l’Innovation, and NFWO (G.0131.98). The paper was to a large extent written while Cassiman was assistant professor at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona and Veugelers was visiting the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and MIT [Sloan School (ICRMOT)].

R&D cooperation and spillovers: Some empirical evidence from Belgium

This study underlines that the decision to enter into an external R&D relationship is related to an antecedent decision to carry out R&D. This calls for an empirical approach that permits the joint analysis of the determinants of the two decisions, correcting for sample selectivity. Based on a sample of Italian manufacturing firms, the results confirm the need to adopt this approach. Another contribution made by this study is the managerial implications that can be derived from its empirical model, which provide a better understanding of the factors associated with a firm's decision to engage in R&D both independently and with external partners.

Internal and External R&D: A Sample Selection Approach

http://faculty.smu.edu/millimet/classes/eco7377/papers/piga%20vivarelli.pdf

Internal and External R&D: A Sample Selection Approach*

This paper analyzes the empirical relationship between market structure and price dispersion in the airline markets connecting the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland. Price dispersion is measured by the Gini coefficient, calculated using fares posted on the Internet at specific days before takeoff. We control for passengers' heterogeneity in their purpose of travel, as well as for such peak periods as Christmas and Easter. Our finding of a negative correlation between competition and price dispersion suggests that competition is likely to hinder the airlines' ability to price discriminate, although this effect appears to be lessened in peak periods.

/pdf/airline-market-power-and-intertemporal-price-dispersion-4gb8jhrs04.pdf

Airline Market Power and Intertemporal Price Dispersion

The Theory of Value and the Value of Theory: Breaking New Ground versus Reinventing the Wheel

http://eportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/~T093000239/repository/fetch/2005%20spillovers%20and%20location%20choice.pdf

Claudio A. Piga

Papers

Internal and External R&D: A Sample Selection Approach

Internal and External R&D: A Sample Selection Approach*

Airline Market Power and Intertemporal Price Dispersion

The Theory of Value and the Value of Theory: Breaking New Ground versus Reinventing the Wheel

Endogenous R&D spillovers and locational choice