https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

This article reports on the development of a revised version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI; E. B. Foa, M. J. Kozak, P. Salkovskis, M. E. Coles, & N. Amir, 1998), a psychometrically sound, theoretically driven, self-report measure. The revised OCI (OCI-R) improves on the parent version in 3 ways: It eliminates the redundant frequency scale, simplifies the scoring of the subscales, and reduces overlap across subscales. The reliability and validity of the OCI-R were examined in 215 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 243 patients with other anxiety disorders, and 677 nonanxious individuals. The OCI-R, which contains 18 items and 6 subscales, has retained excellent psychometric properties. The OCI-R and its subscales differentiated well between individuals with and without OCD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses demonstrated the usefulness of the OCI-R as a diagnostic tool for screening patients with OCD, utilizing empirically derived cutscores.

The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: development and validation of a short version.

Statistical Analysis With Missing Data (2nd ed.) (Book)

The uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has called for unprecedented measures, to the extent that the Italian government has imposed a quarantine on the entire country. Quarantine has a huge impact and can cause considerable psychological strain. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identify risk and protective factors for psychological distress in the general population. An online survey was administered from 18-22 March 2020 to 2766 participants. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to examine the associations between sociodemographic variables; personality traits; depression, anxiety, and stress. Female gender, negative affect, and detachment were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Having an acquaintance infected was associated with increased levels of both depression and stress, whereas a history of stressful situations and medical problems was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Finally, those with a family member infected and young person who had to work outside their domicile presented higher levels of anxiety and stress, respectively. This epidemiological picture is an important benchmark for identifying persons at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress and the results are useful for tailoring psychological interventions targeting the post-traumatic nature of the distress.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3165/pdf

A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors.

Personality may directly facilitate or constrain coping, but relations of personality to coping have been inconsistent across studies, suggesting a need for greater attention to methods and samples. This meta-analysis tested moderators of relations between Big Five personality traits and coping using 2,653 effect sizes drawn from 165 samples and 33,094 participants. Personality was weakly related to broad coping (e.g., Engagement or Disengagement), but all 5 traits predicted specific strategies. Extraversion and Conscientiousness predicted more problem-solving and cognitive restructuring, Neuroticism less. Neuroticism predicted problematic strategies like wishful thinking, withdrawal, and emotion-focused coping but, like Extraversion, also predicted support seeking. Personality more strongly predicted coping in young samples, stressed samples, and samples reporting dispositional rather than situation-specific coping. Daily versus retrospective coping reports and self-selected versus researcher-selected stressors also moderated relations between personality and coping. Cross-cultural differences were present, and ethnically diverse samples showed more protective effects of personality. Richer understanding of the role of personality in the coping process requires assessment of personality facets and specific coping strategies, use of laboratory and daily report studies, and multivariate analyses.

/pdf/relations-between-personality-and-coping-a-meta-analysis-47n0y4nk5h.pdf

Relations between personality and coping: a meta-analysis.

It has been contended that research about “Not Just Right Experiences” (NJREs) would be biased by the type of measures prevalently utilized to assess such phenomenon. That is, items intended to assess a construct conceptualized as a possible vulnerability factor of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms may have tapped the symptoms themselves. In the current study, a picture-based measure of NJREs (NJR-PM) not derived from OC themes was administered to two samples of undergraduate students along with questionnaires of OC symptoms, general distress, and NJREs (the NJRE-Q-R). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in these undergraduate samples showed that the NJR-PM had a unidimensional structure. The total score derived by the sum of ratings to each picture proved insensitive to gender. The NJR-PM was more strongly associated with the NJRE-Q-R than to general distress. Commonality analysis showed that the NJR-PM and the two NJRE-Q-R indices predicted OC symptoms both conjointly and in a distinct way. In addition, the NJR-PM predicted all common types of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms over and beyond general distress and discriminated individuals with high scores in OC symptoms from low-score counterparts. NJREs can be measured also without reference to patients’ symptoms and may therefore be useful in advancing our understanding of obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Construct validity of “Not Just Right Experiences”: results from a picture-based assessment procedure

Cognitive-Behavioral and Neuropsychological Models of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: a preliminary study

L’Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ) è un questionario sviluppato dal gruppo internazionale Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) per valutare i domini cognitivi considerati centrali nello sviluppo e mantenimento del disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo. Nella prima parte di questo lavoro abbiamo descritto la procedura di validazione italiana e presentato alcune caratteristiche psicometriche dell’OBQ-46. In questa seconda parte presentiamo i risultati relativi alla validità concorrente e la validità discriminante dell’OBQ-46. Lo strumento è stato somministrato a 49 pazienti con diagnosi di disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, a 21 pazienti con altri disturbi d’ansia e a 50 controlli non clinici. Il confronto tra gruppi indica una specificità del costrutto relativo alla responsabilità, sia per danno che per omissione. Inoltre, la congruenza tra quadri sintomatologici e beliefs corrispondenti non sembra del tutto confermata. I risultati vengono discussi in termini di ampliamenti futuri e revisione della centralità e specificità dei costrutti cognitivi relativi al disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo e della possibile esistenza di costrutti sovra-ordinati.

Presentazione della versione italiana dell'Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (parte II). * Validità convergente e specificità dei costrutti in un campione clinico

Claudio Sica

Papers

Construct validity of “Not Just Right Experiences”: results from a picture-based assessment procedure

Cognitive-Behavioral and Neuropsychological Models of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: a preliminary study

Presentazione della versione italiana dell'Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (parte II). * Validità convergente e specificità dei costrutti in un campione clinico

A Test of the Cognitive Theory of Obsessions: Study of Internal Structure and Validity of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire in Italian Individuals.