Clifford Stott

TL;DR: This analysis represents an advance on previous studies of crowd behaviour by demonstrating how the ESIM can account for not only the presence, but also the absence, of collective 'disorder'.

TL;DR: The authors conducted interviews with 26 public order trained police concerning crowds in general and the Poll Tax 'riot' of 31 March 1990 in particular, and found that despite a perception of crowd composition as heterogeneous, officers perceive crowd dynamics as involving an anti-social minority seeking to exploit the mindlessness of ordinary people in the mass.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe an ethnographic study of a crowd event in which there were changes in the intergroup relationships over time. And they demonstrate the explanatory power of a dynamic and interactive approach to social categorization by exploring situations in which definitions of context and/or categories are not purposefully manipulated.

TL;DR: In recent years, the debate on football crowd violence has concentrated on the violent dispositions of participants - and particularly on the nature and origins of conflictual norms held by ''hoolig...

TL;DR: The authors argue that the classical view of all crowd members as being inherently irrational and suggestible, and therefore potentially violent, is both wrong and potentially dangerous, and argue that even those who were initially opposed to violence may come to side with more conflictual crowd members and hence contribute to an escalation in the level and scope of collective conflict.