Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal (specific anxiety), and anhedonia (specific depression), and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression.

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

This meta-analysis of 172 studies (N = 2,263 anxious, N = 1,768 nonanxious) examined the boundary conditions of threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. Overall, the results show that the bias is reliably demonstrated with different experimental paradigms and under a variety of experimental conditions, but that it is only an effect size of d = 0.45. Although processes requiring conscious perception of threat contribute to the bias, a significant bias is also observed with stimuli outside awareness. The bias is of comparable magnitude across different types of anxious populations (individuals with different clinical disorders, high-anxious nonclinical individuals, anxious children and adults) and is not observed in nonanxious individuals. Empirical and clinical implications as well as future directions for research are discussed.

/pdf/threat-related-attentional-bias-in-anxious-and-nonanxious-2pi60mj0pt.pdf

Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.

A meta-analysis of 82 recidivism studies (1,620 findings from 29,450 sexual offenders) identified deviant sexual preferences and antisocial orientation as the major predictors of sexual recidivism for both adult and adolescent sexual offenders. Antisocial orientation was the major predictor of violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism. The review also identified some dynamic risk factors that have the potential of being useful treatment targets (e.g., sexual preoccupations, general self-regulation problems). Many of the variables commonly addressed in sex offender treatment programs (e.g., psychological distress, denial of sex crime, victim empathy, stated motivation for treatment) had little or no relationship with sexual or violent recidivism.

/pdf/the-characteristics-of-persistent-sexual-offenders-a-meta-19hgzia124.pdf

The Characteristics of Persistent Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis of Recidivism Studies.

Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change

This article describes the necessity of standardised assessment of violence risk in juvenile offenders. So far such an assessment procedure is lacking in The Netherlands and also international forensic research on this topic is still in a very early stage. First, some methodological issues concerning registration of violence are discussed and an overview of the prevalence of violence and violent recidivism in The Netherlands is presented. Risk assessment is important for risk management. Especially in youth, risk assessment should provide information about dynamic risk factors and protective factors, which may change over time. A number of risk assessment instruments are discussed, with special emphasis on the savry, because this instrument fulfils the special requirements for risk assessment in youth. The article ends with some implications for risk assessment in the forensic practice.

http://www.corinederuiter.eu/file.php?nr=192&code=b8615d6c1518ceaaf6c8ca814ce6b5e4&time=1448258739

Risicotaxatie en risicohantering van gewelddadig gedrag bij adolescenten

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation – Dutch version (CARE-NL) is a structured professional guideline for assessing the risk of all types of child abuse. The CARE-NL comprises 18 risk factors: eight Par...

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation Dutch Version (CARE-NL): A retrospective validation study

Currently, implementation research in the field of forensic risk assessment is limited and consensus on “implementation success” is lacking. This study applies outcomes of success from implementation science to the implementation evaluation of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) in a residential youth care facility in the Netherlands. Staff perceptions on the implementation and the instrument were assessed using 5 implementation outcomes in a longitudinal multimethod design: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, and penetration. As anticipated, the majority of staff perceived START:AV core constructs as useful for treatment (appropriateness). However, satisfaction with the instrument decreased over time (acceptability). This was likely due to an increased workload (feasibility). Despite this dissatisfaction, the completion rate was acceptable (adoption). Lastly, staff reported a lack of integration of the START:AV findings in clinical case conferences (penetration). The implementation outcomes aid in identifying areas for improvement, which in turn can lead to an increased and more consistent uptake of structured risk assessment into routine practice

Implementing the START: AV in a Dutch residential youth facility : : Outcomes of success

Violence Risk Assessment Tools

Risk assessment instruments are widely used to predict risk of adverse outcomes, such as violence or victimization, and to allocate resources for managing these risks among individuals involved in ...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24732850.2020.1756676

Corine de Ruiter

Papers

Risicotaxatie en risicohantering van gewelddadig gedrag bij adolescenten

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation Dutch Version (CARE-NL): A retrospective validation study

Implementing the START: AV in a Dutch residential youth facility : : Outcomes of success

Violence Risk Assessment Tools

Adherence to Structured Risk Assessment Guidelines: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of an Adherence Scale for the START:AV