Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal (specific anxiety), and anhedonia (specific depression), and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression.

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

This meta-analysis of 172 studies (N = 2,263 anxious, N = 1,768 nonanxious) examined the boundary conditions of threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. Overall, the results show that the bias is reliably demonstrated with different experimental paradigms and under a variety of experimental conditions, but that it is only an effect size of d = 0.45. Although processes requiring conscious perception of threat contribute to the bias, a significant bias is also observed with stimuli outside awareness. The bias is of comparable magnitude across different types of anxious populations (individuals with different clinical disorders, high-anxious nonclinical individuals, anxious children and adults) and is not observed in nonanxious individuals. Empirical and clinical implications as well as future directions for research are discussed.

/pdf/threat-related-attentional-bias-in-anxious-and-nonanxious-2pi60mj0pt.pdf

Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.

A meta-analysis of 82 recidivism studies (1,620 findings from 29,450 sexual offenders) identified deviant sexual preferences and antisocial orientation as the major predictors of sexual recidivism for both adult and adolescent sexual offenders. Antisocial orientation was the major predictor of violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism. The review also identified some dynamic risk factors that have the potential of being useful treatment targets (e.g., sexual preoccupations, general self-regulation problems). Many of the variables commonly addressed in sex offender treatment programs (e.g., psychological distress, denial of sex crime, victim empathy, stated motivation for treatment) had little or no relationship with sexual or violent recidivism.

/pdf/the-characteristics-of-persistent-sexual-offenders-a-meta-19hgzia124.pdf

The Characteristics of Persistent Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis of Recidivism Studies.

Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/acp.3893

The NICHD interview protocol used by Dutch child protection workers: Effects on interview style, children's reported information and susceptibility to suggestion

Diagnostiek van de antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis

The goal of the current study was to investigate individual-level factors associated with job burnout among probation officers (POs) and, specifically, to examine if attitudes toward probationers were linked with job burnout in the context of the recently established probation system in Turkey. Participants (N = 115) were recruited from a probation office in Istanbul. Job burnout was assessed via three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and professional accomplishment. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that more favorable attitudes toward probationers were related to a lower sense of depersonalization and higher experience of professional accomplishment. However, POs' attitudes toward probationers were not associated with emotional exhaustion. Our findings are discussed in light of the present empirical literature on the contextual factors influential in job burnout. Practical implications for burnout prevention point to the potential effectiveness of working on attitudes among POs toward the people they supervise.

The link between attitudes toward probationers and job burnout in Turkish probation officers.

In dit onderzoek werd de invloed van de omgeving van een politiecellencomplex op het psychologisch welzijn en slaapproblemen van verdachten onderzocht. Resultaten tonen aan dat verdachten in een politiecel een verminderd psychologisch welzijn ervaren, dat zij slechter slapen, en dat een verminderd psychisch welzijn is gerelateerd aan slaapproblemen. Consequenties van het verblijf in politiecellencomplexen voor het psychisch welzijn en de slaapproblemen van verdachten, alsmede richtingen voor verder onderzoek naar omstandigheden in politiecellencomplexen, worden besproken.

/pdf/overnachten-in-een-politiecel-een-onderzoek-naar-het-2y3zuqbqw7.pdf

Corine de Ruiter

Papers

The NICHD interview protocol used by Dutch child protection workers: Effects on interview style, children's reported information and susceptibility to suggestion

Diagnostiek van de antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis

The link between attitudes toward probationers and job burnout in Turkish probation officers.

Overnachten in een politiecel: Een onderzoek naar het psychisch welzijn en slaapproblemen van verdachten

A meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment in relation to psychopathic traits