We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

https://steadystate.org/wp-content/uploads/Stern_KuznetsCurve.pdf

The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

https://mimoza.marmara.edu.tr/~mtekce/Dinda_2004.pdf

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey

For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade. The debate was originally fueled by negotiations over the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations, both of which occurred at a time when concerns over global warming, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising. Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and proposals for future rounds of trade negotiations. The debate has often been unproductive. It has been hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence. The purpose of this essay is set out what we currently know about the environmental consequences of economic growth and international trade. We critically review both theory and empirical work to answer three basic questions. What do we know about the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment? How can this evidence help us evaluate ongoing policy debates? Where do we go from here?

Trade, Growth and the Environment

The inverse relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy behaviors such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition have been well demonstrated empirically but encompass diverse underlying causal mechanisms. These mechanisms have special theoretical importance because disparities in health behaviors, unlike disparities in many other components of health, involve something more than the ability to use income to purchase good health. Based on a review of broad literatures in sociology, economics, and public health, we classify explanations of higher smoking, lower exercise, poorer diet, and excess weight among low-SES persons into nine broad groups that specify related but conceptually distinct mechanisms. The lack of clear support for any one explanation suggests that the literature on SES disparities in health and health behaviors can do more to design studies that better test for the importance of the varied mechanisms.

/pdf/socioeconomic-disparities-in-health-behaviors-55fg79n1kq.pdf

Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviors

Preferences elicited in hypothetical settings have recently come underscrutiny, causing estimates from the contingent valuation method to bechallenged due to perceived ``hypothetical bias.'' Given that the receivedliterature derives value estimates using heterogeneous experimentaltechniques, understanding the effects of important design parameters onthe magnitude of hypothetical bias is invaluable. In this paper, we addressthis issue statistically by using a meta-analysis to examine data from 29experimental studies. Our empirical findings suggest that on averagesubjects overstate their preferences by a factor of about 3 in hypotheticalsettings, and that the degree of over-revelation is influenced by thedistinction between willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept, publicversus private goods, and several elicitation methods.

What Experimental Protocol Influence Disparities Between Actual and Hypothetical Stated Values

http://www.unife.it/economia/lm.economia/insegnamenti/econometria/materiale-prof-mazzanti-a-a-2012-2013/materiale-didattico/list-gallett-sure.pdf/at_download/file

The environmental Kuznets curve: does one size fit all?

Estimating elasticities of cigarette demand has become commonplace amongst economists and policymakers. Synthesizing the various elasticities into a coherent message is quite challenging, however, as the point estimates are obtained using quite disparate modeling techniques and data. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis to explore factors that influence variations within and across studies. Empirical results suggest that demand specification, data issues, and estimation methodology have varying degrees of influence on reported estimates of price, income, and advertising elasticities.

Cigarette demand: a meta-analysis of elasticities

Numerous studies have estimated elasticities of alcohol demand using different procedures Because of widespread differences in demand estimates, however, it is difficult to synthesise the literature into coherent meaning This study improves our understanding of alcohol demand by reporting results from a meta-analysis of 132 studies Specifically, regressing estimated price, income and advertising elasticities of alcohol on variables accounting for study characteristics, we find alcohol elasticities to be particularly sensitive to demand specification, data issues and various estimation methods Furthermore, compared to other alcoholic beverages, beer elasticities tend to be more inelastic

The demand for alcohol: a meta-analysis of elasticities*

The price elasticity of meat has been estimated in numerous studies that utilize a variety of disparate modeling procedures. In light of differences in the literature, a meta-analysis is performed to assess the sensitivity of the meat price elasticity to a number of characteristics, including the type of meat, specification of demand, nature of data, estimation method, characteristics of the publication outlet, and location of demand. The results from estimating linear and Box-Cox meta-regressions, coupled with different panel data treatments, reveal that these characteristics have differing influence on the reported price elasticity.

Craig A. Gallet

Papers

What Experimental Protocol Influence Disparities Between Actual and Hypothetical Stated Values

The environmental Kuznets curve: does one size fit all?

Cigarette demand: a meta-analysis of elasticities

The demand for alcohol: a meta-analysis of elasticities*

Meat Meets Meta: A Quantitative Review of the Price Elasticity of Meat