Cadmium oxide doped zinc oxide (CdO–ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion technique. CdO–ZnO nano particles were used as fillers and their concentration ranged between 0.5% to 2.5% by weight in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. The effect of nano filler concentration on structural, electrical and mechanical properties was investigated. Dielectric constant values decreased upto 1.24 GHz frequency, between 1.24 to 3 GHz frequency range a slight increase in dielectric constant was observed. At frequencies above 500 kHz increase in AC conductivity and loss tangent of the polymer nanocomposites were observed. Enhanced mechanical properties were observed with increase in dopant concentration. A significant increase of 152.65% in film toughness, 113.58% increase in elastic modulus and 83.10% increase in ultimate tensile strength was observed at 2.5 wt% concentration of CdO–ZnO in PVA film as compared to pristine PVA film, which makes CdO–ZnO a desirable reinforcing material for nanocomposites.

The effect of CdO–ZnO nanoparticles addition on structural, electrical and mechanical properties of PVA films

Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) nanopowder was synthesized by solution combustion technique. Polymer nanocomposites were prepared using ZTA nanopowder as the reinforcement and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the matrix. ZTA nanopowder composition was varied from 0 to 2.5% by weight. Structural characterization was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results showed prominent, well defined peaks of zirconia and α-alumina, hence confirmed that ZTA is a crystalline material. SEM images showed that, level of agglomeration kept increasing due to increase in filler content, which might have contributed to film stiffness. Thermal analysis was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. Addition of ZTA into PVA matrix resulted in increase in melting point as well as glass transition temperature. Influence of the nanofiller concentration on the electrical conductivity was found using Agilent 4249A impedance analyser. Conductivity measurements were carried out for all the nanocomposite films doped with ZTA and were found to exhibit insulating properties. Change in mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength and film toughness of PVA films as a function of nano filler content are reported.

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Effect of ZTA concentration on structural, thermal, mechanical and dielectric behavior of novel ZTA–PVA nanocomposite films

ABSTRACT Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles of different structure can be combined with the polymers, giving nanocomposites of diverse structure with interesting physicochemical properties and application potentials. This review covers the fundamental science, synthesis, surface functionalization, characterization, and physicochemical properties various metal oxide nanostructures and the strategies for their incorporation into the polymer matrices. An overview of the recent developments and applications of metal oxide nanoparticle/polymer nanocomposite have been presented. The review typically summarizes the significant developments over the past half‒decade and discusses them critically, presenting selected examples, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. Graphical Abstract

Metal oxide/polymer nanocomposites: A review on recent advances in fabrication and applications

Investigations on electronic and optical properties of Zn:CdO-PVDF polymer composite thin films

Cadmium oxide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion technique. CdO-ZnO nanoparticles were reinforced into epoxy by ultrasonication technique. CdO-ZnO nano-particles are well known semiconducting materials which are found to exhibit excellent semiconducting behavior even at high frequencies. Hence it was introduced into epoxy to study the semiconducting nature of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites. The polymer composites exhibited interesting phenomenon such as minimum heat losses at high frequencies indicating semi-conducting behaviour of the composites. The polymer composite was also analysed for its structural, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. The enhanced interaction of CdO-ZnO nanoparticles with epoxy has resulted in superior UV-shielding effeciency and mechanical properties. This paper mainly focusses upon the synthesis and development of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites, the design and optimization of CdO-ZnO compositions, the mechanical toughening and failure mechanism, transport mechanism of charge carriers, conductivity relaxation, ionic polarization and prospects of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites in various fields.

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Effect of nano CdO-ZnO content on structural, thermal, optical, mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy composites

In this work, the effect of nano cadmium oxide material on the physico-mechanical and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films was studied. A series of PVA/CdO nanocomposites with varying amounts of cadmium oxide (CdO) viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0 2.0 and 4.0 wt% have been prepared by solution casting method. The prepared polymer nanocomposites were analysed for XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectra. Further, the tensile strength and elongation of these polymer nanocomposites were measured and compared with those of the neat polymer systems. UV–vis spectra showed that the absorbance increases with the increasing amount of nano CdO. The nano CdO particles are not agglomerated in the PVA matrix as observed from SEM images. The influence of frequency on the dielectric properties was studied at room temperature. The dielectric properties provide the information about the dielectric relaxation and possible interaction between the nano material and polymer matrix which can be exploited for microwave applications.

D. Aamir

Papers

Structural mechanical and electrical property evaluation of nano cadmium oxide polyvinyl alcohol composites