The water crisis is threatening the sustainability of the irrigated rice system and food security in Asia. Our challenge is to develop novel technologies and production systems that allow rice production to be maintained or increased in the face of declining water availability. This paper introduces principles that govern technologies and systems for reducing water inputs and increasing water productivity, and assesses the opportunities of such technologies and systems at spatial scale levels from plant to field, to irrigation system, and to agro-ecological zones. We concluded that, while increasing the productivity of irrigated rice with transpired water may require breakthroughs in breeding, many technologies can reduce water inputs at the field level and increase field-level water productivity with respect to irrigation and total water inputs. Most of them, however, come at the cost of decreased yield. More rice with less water can only be achieved when water management is integrated with (i) g...

http://cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/pdf/1148_tuongtp.pdf

More Rice, Less Water—Integrated Approaches for Increasing Water Productivity in Irrigated Rice-Based Systems in Asia

http://cds.cern.ch/record/133166/files/197811149.pdf

Associated production of heavy flavour states in pp and p̄p interactions: Some QCD estimates

Evaluation of mulching, intercropping with Sesbania and herbicide use for weed management in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Selectivity of product formation in activated chemical reactions can be accomplished by the control of energy acquisition, storage and disposal in the molecular system. This goal can be achieved by ‘passive control’ via energy acquisition, i.e., selecting the initial conditions and letting the system evolve under its own Hamiltonian, and by the ‘active control’ of energy storage and disposal, i.e., modifying the equations of motion by imposing external, additional terms in the Hamiltonian. We discuss the possibility and conditions for non-statistical reaction dynamics in molecules, van der Waals molecules, clusters, surfaces, condensed phases and biophysical systems, which result in selective chemistry.

Mode Selective Chemistry

A new parton model description of soft hadron-nucleus collisions

This Letter reports on the first demonstration of laser-assisted H^{-} charge exchange for microsecond duration H^{-} beam pulses. Laser-assisted charge exchange injection is a breakthrough technology that overcomes long-standing limitations associated with the traditional method of producing high intensity, time structured beams of protons in accelerators via the use of carbon foils for charge exchange injection. The central theme of this experiment is the demonstration of novel techniques that reduce the laser power requirement to allow high efficiency stripping of microsecond duration beams with commercial laser technology.

/pdf/first-demonstration-of-laser-assisted-charge-exchange-for-2ihicp4frv.pdf

First Demonstration of Laser-Assisted Charge Exchange for Microsecond Duration H^{-} Beams.

The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) encompasses a set of upgrades and improvements to the Fermilab accelerator complex aimed at supporting a world-leading neutrino program over the next several decades. PIP-II is an integral part of the strategic plan for U.S. High Energy Physics as described in the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report of May 2014 [1] and formalized through the Mission Need Statement approved in November 2015. As an immediate goal, PIP-II is focused on upgrades to the Fermilab accelerator complex capable of providing proton beam power in excess of 1 MW on target at the initiation of the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNF/DUNE) program [2], currently anticipated for the mid- 2020s. PIP-II is a part of a longer-term goal of establishing a high-intensity proton facility that is unique within the world, ultimately leading to multi-MW capabilities at Fermilab....

/pdf/the-pip-ii-conceptual-design-report-1rokge6bm3.pdf

The PIP-II Conceptual Design Report

Laser-assisted stripping is a novel approach to H- charge exchange that overcomes long-standing limitations associated with the traditional, foil-based method of producing high-intensity, time-structured beams of protons. This paper reports on the first successful demonstration of the laser stripping technique for microsecond duration beams. The experiment represents a factor of 1000 increase in the stripped pulse duration compared with the previous proof-of-principle demonstration. The central theme of the experiment is the implementation of methods to reduce the required average laser power such that high efficiency stripping can be accomplished for microsecond duration beams using conventional laser technology. The experiment was performed on the Spallation Neutron Source 1 GeV H- beam using a 1 MW peak power UV laser and resulted in ~95% stripping efficiency.

High efficiency laser-assisted H- charge exchange for microsecond duration beams

A multi-MW proton facility, Project X, has been proposed and is currently under development at Fermilab. We are carrying out a program of research and development aimed at integrated systems testing of critical components comprising the front end of Project X. This program, known as the Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE), is being undertaken as a key component of the larger Project X R&D program. The successful completion of this program will validate the concept for the Project X front end, thereby minimizing a primary technical risk element within Project X. PXIE is currently under construction at Fermilab and will be completed over the period FY12-17. PXIE will include an H ion source, a CW 2.1-MeV RFQ and two superconductive RF (SRF) cryomodules providing up to 25 MeV energy gain at an average beam current of 1 mA (upgradable to 2 mA). Successful systems testing will also demonstrate the viability of novel front end technologies that are expected find applications beyond Project X.

/pdf/project-x-injector-experiment-goals-plan-and-status-4ka8wokzst.pdf

D. E. Johnson

Papers

First Demonstration of Laser-Assisted Charge Exchange for Microsecond Duration H^{-} Beams.

The PIP-II Conceptual Design Report

High efficiency laser-assisted H- charge exchange for microsecond duration beams

Project X Injector Experiment: Goals, plan and status

Inclusive charged-Particle Production in Neutron-Nucleus Collisions