https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.22772

Vascular disorders of the liver.

The Society for Fetal Urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis

Thoracic lymphangiomas, lymphangiectasis, lymphangiomatosis, and lymphatic dysplasia syndrome.

https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)54008-8/pdf

Renal outcome in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

Endomyocardial biopsy was done 119 times in 98 patients receiving doxorubicin therapy once every 3 weeks and 41 times in 27 patients receiving doxorubicin therapy weekly. Factors contribut...

Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin Delivered on a Weekly Schedule

Gastric teratoma (GT) comprises less than 1% of all teratomas in children. Though GT in the presence of immature neuroepethelial elements is regarded as malignant, the prognosis is excellent after complete excision of the tumor. Because of its rarity the world literature lacks a large study. Clinical experience with ten cases of GT is presented and discussed. Only one patient was female; the mean age at presentation was 3.2 months. Two cases were immature grade III GT; one of these had infiltrated the left lobe of the liver and the transverse colon while the other had metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and omentum. All the patients underwent complete excision. There were no deaths, and after a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years, all the patients had no recurrence and were healthy. Both the mature and immature types of GT have an excellent prognosis after complete excision of the tumor. Even when the immature type infiltrates surrounding structures, complete excision offers recurrence-free survival without requiring chemo- or radiotherapy.

Gastric teratoma in children.

Endoscopic treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula using electrocautery and the Nd:YAG laser

Etiological factors associated with portal hypertension in children influence the decision about therapy and the prognosis. This cross-sectional observational study was performed at a tertiary care centre in northern India from January, 1990 to December, 1994. Children below the age of 14 years with suspected portal hypertension were prospectively assembled into a cohort to determine the etiology and clinical profile of portal hypertension. Of the 115 patients with portal hypertension, 76.5% had extrahepatic portal hypertension (EHPH). Remaining 23.5% of the cases had intrahepatic and post-hepatic causes of portal hypertension. Children with EHPH had a significantly earlier onset of symptoms as compared to those with intrahepatic portal hypertension (p = 0.002) and bled significantly more frequently (p = 0.00). Forty per cent of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) never had jaundice. History suggestive of potential etiological factors could be elicited in only 7% of EHPH patients. The commonest site of block in splenoportal axis was at the formation of the portal vein. An inverse relation of bleeding rates with duration of illness was seen in EHPH. Of the 10 CLD patients in whom liver biopsy could be done, cirrhosis was present in 6 patients. Understanding the natural history of EHPH and portal hypertension due to other etiologies may have significant implications in choosing the appropriate intervention and predicting the outcome.

Portal hypertension in north Indian children.

This paper discusses the long-term prognosis of renal function in 84 boys treated for posterior urethral valves and followed up for a period ranging from 1-21 years. Thirty-one of the 84 patients (39.3%) were either adolescents or had crossed adolescence and this study highlights the changes through adolescence and puberty. Serum creatinine was found to be raised in 53% patients at presentation and 22.5% patients eventually progressed to chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine value 1 year after appropriate decompression of the urinary tract was a more accurate predictor of the eventual renal outcome rather than serum creatinine at presentation. Decompensation at puberty was detected in 3 patients in this study. The predisposing factors identified were the persistence of gross hydroureteronephrosis with voiding dysfunction after treatment in one patient and renal parenchymal disease in the other 2 patients. The "risk factors" for predicting a poor eventual renal function were persistently raised serum creatinine 1 year after decompression by diversion or fulguration, bilateral high grade vesicoureteral reflux, persistent severe upper tract dilatation after treatment, voiding dysfunction and delayed presentation. This study emphasizes the need to diagnose and intervene early, to investigate post-treatment persistent upper tract dilatation for vesicoureteral junction obstruction and for detrusor dysfunction by a complete urodynamic evaluation and to follow up these patients carefully through adolescence and adulthood.

Long-term prognosis of renal function in boys treated for posterior urethral valves.

UNLABELLED Premature closure of cranial sutures (primary craniosynostosis) in children leads to characteristic skull deformities and prevents the constricted brain from growing normally. Although the cause remains unknown, several etiological factors have been cited. Recently, hypovascularity has been reported as a possible cause of craniosynostosis. METHODS In a prospective study regional cerebral blood flow studies were carried out with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in seven children with craniosynostoses. Five preoperative and six postoperative studies were conducted and the results correlated with radiological and surgical findings. RESULTS Preoperative studies revealed regional hypovascularity in the underlying cerebral hemisphere, corresponding to the fused sutures. Postoperative studies revealed disappearance of these perfusion defects in most cases, indicating normalization of perfusion following surgical decompression. CONCLUSION This study establishes the presence of cerebral hypovascularity in craniosynostoses and suggests that early surgery and release of craniostenosis is essential to achieve optimum perfusion and brain development.

D. K. Mitra

Papers

Gastric teratoma in children.

Endoscopic treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula using electrocautery and the Nd:YAG laser

Portal hypertension in north Indian children.

Long-term prognosis of renal function in boys treated for posterior urethral valves.

Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT cerebral blood flow study in children with craniosynostosis.