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American Society for Testing and Materials

Dual role of microalgae: Phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and biomass production for sustainable biofuels production

https://openscholar.dut.ac.za/bitstream/10321/1400/1/rawat__kumar__mutanda___bux_2013_aplplied_energy.pdf

Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production

The economically significant production of carbon-neutral biodiesel from microalgae has been hailed as the ultimate alternative to depleting resources of petro-diesel due to its high cellular concentration of lipids, resources and economic sustainability and overall potential advantages over other sources of biofuels. Pertinent questions however need to be answered on the commercial viability of large scale production of biodiesel from microalgae. Vital steps need to be critically analysed at each stage. Isolation of microalgae should be based on the question of whether marine or freshwater microalgae, cultures from collections or indigenous wild types are best suited for large scale production. Furthermore, the determination of initial sampling points play a pivotal role in the determination of strain selection as well as strain viability. The screening process should identify, purify and select lipid producing strains. Are natural strains or stressed strains higher in lipid productivity? The synergistic interactions that occur naturally between algae and other microorganisms cannot be ignored. A lot of literature is available on the downstream processing of microalgae but a few reports are available on the upstream processing of microalgae for biomass and lipid production for biodiesel production. We present in this review an empirical and critical analysis on the potential of translating research findings from laboratory scale trials to full scale application. The move from laboratory to large scale microalgal cultivation requires careful planning. It is imperative to do extensive pre-pilot demonstration trials and formulate a suitable trajectory for possible data extrapolation for large scale experimental designs. The pros and cons of the two widely used methods for growing microalgae by photobioreactors or open raceway ponds are discussed in detail. In addition, current methods for biomass harvesting and lipid extraction are critically evaluated. This would be novel approach to economical biodiesel production from microalgae in the near future. Globally, microalgae are largest biomass producers having higher neutral lipid content outcompeting terrestrial plants for biofuel production. However, the viscosities of microalgal oils are usually higher than that of petroleum diesel.

Biodiesel from microalgae: a critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production. Appl Energy

Modern life is intimately linked to the availability of fossil fuels, which continue to meet the world's growing energy needs even though their use drives climate change, exhausts finite reserves and contributes to global political strife. Biofuels made from renewable resources could be a more sustainable alternative, particularly if sourced from organisms, such as algae, that can be farmed without using valuable arable land. Strain development and process engineering are needed to make algal biofuels practical and economically viable.

Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels

Bioprospecting for hyper-lipid producing microalgal strains for sustainable biofuel production.

A 5.2 kW diesel engine with alternator was used to test jatropha biodiesel and its blends. A
pilot plant was developed for biodiesel production from different vegetable oils and used for
this study. In the case of jatropha biodiesel alone, the fuel consumption in the diesel engine
was about 14 per cent higher than that of diesel. The percent increase in specific fuel
consumption ranged from 3 to 14 for B20 to B100 fuels. The brake thermal efficiency for
biodiesel and its blends was found to be slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at tested load
conditions and there was no difference between the biodiesel and its blended fuels
efficiencies. For jatropha biodiesel and its blended fuels, the exhaust gas temperature
increased with increase in load and amount of biodiesel. The highest exhaust gas temperature
was observed as 463oC for biodiesel among the three load conditions. The diesel mode
exhaust gas temperature was observed as 375oC. The CO2 emission from the biodieselfuelled
engine was slightly higher than diesel fuel as compared with diesel. The carbon
monoxide reduction by biodiesel was 16, 14 and 14 per cent at 2, 2.5 and 3.5 kW load
conditions. The NOx emissions from biodiesel was increased by 15, 18 and 19 per cent
higher than that of the diesel at 2, 2.5 and 3.5 kW load conditions respectively.

Investigations on Performance and Emission Characteristics ofDiesel Engine with Jatropha Biodiesel and Its Blends

Lipid Identification and Extraction Techniques

Alternative fuel production technology in order to combat the present scenario of climate change issues has been in the transition stage of generating high-value low volume chemicals, fuels and low-value high volume bulk products (biofuels) This concept of biorefinery is the future of biomass processing technologies where complete utilization of biomass and zero release of waste can be achieved The agro residue biorefinery aims in sustainable approach which provides a good solution for sustainable ways of utilizing agricultural residues Agro residues are by-products of agricultural crop production and processing, which are abundantly available at lower price Agro residues are one of the major resources of unexploited potential lignocellulosic feedstocks It includes straws, leaves and plant materials left in the field after harvesting of the crop Its characteristics would vary with crops, species and environmental conditions Annual agro residue production potential in India is ca 550 MT Currently, most of the residues are underutilized or burnt in situ, creating serious environmental pollutions In order to utilize and effective disposal of these wastes, several methods are tried for tapping the energy/bioproducts from various crop residues via biochemical or thermochemical conversion routes Biorefinery technologies can offer a platform for production of high-value chemicals and fuels from these residues, which are value-added products as well as provide more income for agriculturists This chapter aims in bringing out sources of agro residues, the current state of the art of biomass processing and conversion viable technologies, and recent developments in the biorefinery of agro residues, and finally sheds light on commercialization of agro residue biorefinery

Chemicals and Fuels Production from Agro Residues: A Biorefinery Approach

Copyright: 2014. Taylor & Francis. Due to copyright restrictions, only the abstract is available. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Volume 37, Issue 13, July 2015, pages 1383-1391

D. Ramesh

Papers

Bioprospecting for hyper-lipid producing microalgal strains for sustainable biofuel production.

Investigations on Performance and Emission Characteristics ofDiesel Engine with Jatropha Biodiesel and Its Blends

Lipid Identification and Extraction Techniques

Chemicals and Fuels Production from Agro Residues: A Biorefinery Approach

Thermal Behavior and Pyrolytic Characteristics of Freshwater Scenedesmus sp. Biomass