Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A review

Metal nanoparticles have received great attention from researchers across the world because of a plethora of applications in agriculture and the biomedical field as antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. Over the past few years, green nanotechnology has emerged as a significant approach for the synthesis and fabrication of metal nanoparticles. This green route employs various reducing and stabilizing agents from biological resources for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The present article aims to review the progress made in recent years on nanoparticle biosynthesis by microbes. These microbial resources include bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and viruses. This review mainly focuses on the biosynthesis of the most commonly studied metal and metal salt nanoparticles such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, cadmium, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and cadmium sulphide. These nanoparticles can be used in pharmaceutical products as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, water electrolysis, waste water treatment, biosensors, biocatalysis, crop protection against pathogens, degradation of dyes etc. This review will discuss in detail various microbial modes of nanoparticles synthesis and the mechanism of their synthesis by various bioreducing agents such as enzymes, peptides, proteins, electron shuttle quinones and exopolysaccharides. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis is the need of the hour to develop a technology for large scale production of bio-mediated nanoparticles. The present review also discusses the advantages of various microbial approaches in nanoparticles synthesis and lacuna involved in such processes. This review also highlights the recent milestones achieved on large scale production and future perspectives of nanoparticles.

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A review on the biosynthesis of metal and metal salt nanoparticles by microbes

Background: Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the area of material sciences on a molecular level, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario This review is a comprehensive contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of AgNPs using different biological sources Methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs can be accomplished by physical, chemical, and green synthesis; however, synthesis via biological precursors has shown remarkable outcomes In available reported data, these entities are used as reducing agents where the synthesized NPs are characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy Results: Modulation of metals to a nanoscale drastically changes their chemical, physical, and optical properties, and is exploited further via antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities Results showed excellent growth inhibition of the microorganism Conclusion: Novel outcomes of green synthesis in the field of nanotechnology are appreciable where the synthesis and design of NPs have proven potential outcomes in diverse fields The study of green synthesis can be extended to conduct the in silco and in vitro research to confirm these findings

/pdf/green-nanotechnology-a-review-on-green-synthesis-of-silver-454m8oc6ea.pdf

Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles - an ecofriendly approach.

Algae-based metallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and applications.

A comprehensive review on green nanomaterials using biological systems: Recent perception and their future applications.

The present investigation demonstrates the formation of silver nanoparticles by the reduction of the aqueous silver metal ions during exposure to the seaweed (Chaetomorpha linum) extract. The silver nanoparticles obtained were characterized by UV–visible spectrum, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic absorption peak at 422 nm in UV–vis spectrum confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The colour intensity at 422 nm increased with duration of incubation. The size of nanoparticles synthesized varied from 3 to 44 nm with average of ~30 nm. The FTIR spectrum of C. linum extract showed peaks at 1,020, 1,112, 1,325, 1,512, 1,535, 1,610, 1,725, 1,862, 2,924, 3,330 cm−1. The vibrational bands corresponding to the bonds such as –C=C (ring), –C–O, –C–O–C and C=C (chain) are derived from water-soluble compounds such as amines, peptides, flavonoids and terpenoids present in C. linum extract. Hence, it may be inferred that these biomolecules are responsible for capping and efficient stabilization. Since no synthetic reagents were used in this investigation, it is environmentally safe and have potential for application in biomedicine and agriculture.

/pdf/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-using-marine-1ooi8luknp.pdf

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine macroalga Chaetomorpha linum

High efficiency bridgeless single power conversion battery charger for electric vehicle

The electric vehicle (EV) is set out with less weight as NO STROKE Engine provides customers a pleasant and hospitable atmosphere. Sunshine is used as a source prepared for our solar panels. By charging the engine, the car is running. Hydrogen fuel consumption, battery time and battery energy loss are key markers of fuel cell performance in hybrid cars (FCHVs). The UC and plumbing battery quality shows that a new and simple HPS circuit made up of the collection of UCs and the battery range. 

D. Ramya

Papers

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine macroalga Chaetomorpha linum

High efficiency bridgeless single power conversion battery charger for electric vehicle

PV based EV with FC and lead-acid battery