In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention in areas such as medicine, engineering, manufacturing art and most recently in education In biomedical, the development of a wide range of biomaterials has catalysed the considerable role of 3D printing (3DP), where it functions as synthetic frameworks in the form of scaffolds, constructs or matrices The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art literature coverage of 3DP applications in tissue engineering (such as customized scaffoldings and organs, and regenerative medicine),This review focusses on various 3DP techniques and biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications The literature reviewed in the manuscript has been collected from various journal search engines including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science The keywords that have been selected for the searches were 3 D printing, tissue engineering, scaffoldings, organs, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, standards, applications and future directions Further, the sub-classifications of the keyword, wherever possible, have been used as sectioned/sub-sectioned in the manuscript,3DP techniques have many applications in biomedical and TE (B-TE), as covered in the literature Customized structures for B-TE applications are easy and cost-effective to manufacture through 3DP, whereas on many occasions, conventional technologies generally become incompatible For this, this new class of manufacturing must be explored to further capabilities for many potential applications,This review paper presents a comprehensive study of the various types of 3DP technologies in the light of their possible B-TE application as well as provides a future roadmap

3D printing in tissue engineering: a state of the art review of technologies and biomaterials

A concise review on electrospun nanofibres/nanonets for filtration of gaseous and solid constituents (PM2.5) from polluted air

In the automotive and aerospace industry, abrasive products lodge the major portion of the machining applications. Among that, the coated abrasive disc is used for a finishing application. Once the disc is fully consumed, the disc is unused and considered waste. The present work focuses on removing phenol-formaldehyde resin coating, and the fiber backing is reused for the same coated abrasive disc production application as flexible fiber backing. A sandblasting technique removes phenol-formaldehyde resin coating and embedded abrasive grains. During the fiber backing recovery process, the experimental parameters such as abrasive pressure, abrasive type, abrasive size, and orientation of the disc are varied to find out the optimal surface roughness value for reusing the produced coated abrasive discs. The results highlight that the recovered backing has an abrasive size of 120 mesh pressure of 0.20 MPa, an abrasive type of garnet, and a standoff distance of 1 mm. Surface features such as surface roughness and micrographs of the eroded surface are analyzed. Finally, the recovered backing was reused in the coated abrasive disc production, and the performance of the recovered disc was compared with the standard discs. The recovered fiber backing disc product was similar to a standard fresh disc.

Experimental study on removal of phenol formaldehyde resin coating from the abrasive disc and preparation of abrasive disc for polishing application

Combination of bioactive material such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) with antibacterial agents would have great potential to be used as bone implant materials to avert possible bacterial infection that can lead to implant-associated diseases. The present study aimed to develop an antibacterial silver nanoparticle-decorated hydroxyapatite (HAp/AgNPs) nanocomposite using chemical reduction and thermal calcination approaches. In this work, natural HAp that was extracted from chicken bone wastes is used as support matrix for the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite. XRD, FESEM-EDX, HRTEM, and XPS analyses confirmed that spherical AgNPs were successfully synthesized and deposited on the surface of HAp particles, and the amount of AgNPs adhered on the HAp surface increased with increasing AgNO3 concentration used. The synthesized HAp/AgNPs nanocomposites demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where the antibacterial efficiency is relied on the amount and size of deposited AgNPs. In addition, the in vitro bioactivity examination in Hank’s balanced salt solution showed that more apatite were grown on the surface of HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite when AgNO3 concentration used >1 wt.%. Such nanocomposite with enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial properties emerged as a promising biomaterial to be applied for dentistry and orthopedic implantology.

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticle-decorated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with combined bioactivity and antibacterial properties

Cuttlefish bones are an inexpensive source of calcium carbonate, which are produced in large amounts by the marine food industry, leading to environmental contamination and waste. The nontoxicity, worldwide availability and low production cost of cuttlefish bone products makes them an excellent calcium carbonate precursor for the fabrication of hydroxyapatite. In the present study, a novel oil-bath-mediated precipitation method was introduced for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs). The obtained CB-Hap NRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to evaluate their physicochemical properties. The crystallite size (20.86 nm) obtained from XRD data and the elemental analysis (Ca/P molar ratio was estimated to be 1.6) showed that the Hap NRs are similar to that of natural human bone (≈1.67). Moreover, the FTIR data confirmed the presence of phosphate as a functional group and the TGA data revealed the thermal stability of Hap NRs. In addition, the antibacterial study showed a significant inhibitory effect of CB-Hap NRs against S. aureus (zone of inhibition – 14.5 ± 0.5 mm) and E. coli (13 ± 0.5 mm), whereas the blood compatibility test showed that the CB-Hap NRs exhibited a concentration-mediated hemolytic effect. These biogenic CB-Hap NRs with improved physicochemical properties, blood compatibility and antibacterial efficacy could be highly beneficial for orthopedic applications in the future.

/pdf/facile-biogenic-fabrication-of-hydroxyapatite-nanorods-using-2ta3dqc5zf.pdf

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

The current work describes the influence of sintering temperatures on biological and mechanical properties of naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HAp). The phase pure hydroxyapatite developed from the goat bone has been obtained by optimizing the calcination temperature from 600–900 °C. Further, HAp calcined at 900 °C was subjected to various sintering temperature (1100–1400 °C). Finally, the influence of sinter temperatures on mechanical (hardness) and biological properties (in vitro bioactivity, MTT and hemocompatibility assays) were ascertained. In respect of biological properties, it came to know that 1300 °C is optimum sinter temperature, which has enhanced apatite growth with the superior cell viability and hemo-compatible behavior. However, sample sintered at 1400 °C delivers maximum hardness. Thus, the hydroxyapatite extracted from goat bone can find better applications in bio-medical engineering as analogous to the existing man-made synthetic materials.

Exploring the effect of sintering temperature on naturally derived hydroxyapatite for bio-medical applications

In this present study zirconia particles of nanometric dimensions were synthesized using sol-gel method via the starting precursors of zirconium oxy-chloride octa-hydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and oxalic acid {(COOH)2.2H2O}. A transparent sol obtained was dried at 110° C for 12 hours and the dried gel was subjected to calcination at 1000°C respectively for 3 hours in order to obtain nanozirconia particles. XRD characterization reveals the presence of single phase tetragonal ZrO2 and SEM morphological characterization reveals the presence of nanosize ZrO2 particles .The particle size distribution also confirms the nanometric size range of ZrO2 particles. The obtained nanoparticles was incorporated in the glaze composition which generally is defined as a thin glassy layer on a ceramic body that results by applying a special admixture on ceramic body and by fusing at high temperature. This glaze formulation is well bounded for dry tile manufacturing process .The incorporation of the prepared nanozirconia in a typical glaze composition are well established for its excellent mechanical, thermal and good resistance to chemical attack. Addition of zirconia increases the opacity of the tiles and also enhances the brightness .In this study with the comparison of standard conventional zircon it is bound to say that particle size decreases. Moreover glaze characterizations i.e.TG-DTA, Spectrophotometer, Abrasion resistance, crazing resistance tests was studied which shows the improvement of surface characteristics which has been enhanced by using the nanoparticles. The opacity is also increased with lower dose of usage of zirconia nanoparticles.

Effect of Addition of Nano Zirconia in Ceramic Glazes

The present work deals with the production of fireclay brick by adding different compositions of 0%, 10%, 20% and, 30% of alumina abrasive waste. Samples are prepared by uniaxial pressing of 150 MPa and fired at different temperatures such as 900 °C and 1100 °C. The physical properties such as bulk density, apparent porosity , linear shrinkage , and water absorption were estimated for the prepared fireclay brick samples with and without alumina abrasive waste. The results show that fireclay brick samples of BFC30 possess an increase in strength and bulk density. BFC30 formulation exhibited the maximum compressive strength of 31.15 MPa, with lower water absorption of 5.84% and linear shrinkage value of 1.64%. The highest bending strength value of 35.34 MPa was observed in the BFC30 sample. Furthermore, the increase in alumina abrasive waste weight percentage improves the mechanical properties by increasing the alumina and silicon dioxide content in the produced fireclay brick. The lowest volumetric wear rate of 2.4 g/mm 3 was observed on the BFC30 sample at the lowest impingent angle of 30°. Replacement with abrasive waste tends to improve the refractory property. The substitution of alumina abrasive waste is beneficial in terms of waste utilization and cost reduction in fireclay brick production.

Utilization of abrasive industry waste as a substitute material for the production of fireclay brick

Effect of heat treatment and zircon addition on the properties of low-cement castables based on recycled alumina grog

In the present work, mesoporous titania (MT)-embedded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes have been developed and studied for their efficiency in particulate matter (PM) filtration. Using...

D. Thenmuhil

Papers

Exploring the effect of sintering temperature on naturally derived hydroxyapatite for bio-medical applications

Effect of Addition of Nano Zirconia in Ceramic Glazes

Utilization of abrasive industry waste as a substitute material for the production of fireclay brick

Effect of heat treatment and zircon addition on the properties of low-cement castables based on recycled alumina grog

Mesoporous titania-embedded polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibrous membrane for particulate matter filtration: