Advances in seawater desalination technologies

The toxicity of phenol even at low concentrations in industrial effluents is high enough to meet its needs for separation. In this paper, a review will be carried out on the traditional techniques and recent advances in the separation of phenol from its contaminated streams. The most commonly used methods classified based on the phenol concentrations (high, medium, and low), and also, their advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of industrial wastewater treatment systems will be discussed. Finally, the best methods will be suggested for each concentration range at the influent and, of course, that is allowable in the final effluent. The survey results recommended that biodegradation, chemical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic oxidation, solid phase extraction, ozonation, reverse osmosis/nanofiltration, and wet air oxidation are useful methods in low phenol concentrations, whereas liquid–liquid extraction, pervaporation, membrane-based solvent extraction, adsorption...

Phenol removal from industrial wastewaters: a short review

Towards sustainable ultrafast molecular-separation membranes: From conventional polymers to emerging materials

Nanofiltration systems and applications in wastewater treatment: Review article

Industrial effluents containing heavy metals may consider a major source of contamination causes serious environmental problems. Decontamination of heavy metals from wastewater has been a challenged for a long time. A number of methods have been developed for removal of toxic metal ions from wastewaters such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating, ion exchange, membrane processes, etc. However, these conventional technologies are providing expensive due to nonregenerable materials used, high cost and generation of toxic sludge. Biosorption is a process which represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost effective excellent tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. It represents a typical technique for using economical alternate biological materials for the purpose. Today, biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Application of microorganisms (specifically bacteria, algae, yeasts and fungi) as biosorbents for heavy metal removal have received growing interest due to high surface to volume ratio; large availability, rapid kinetics of adsorption and desorption and low cost. The aim of the present study is to review the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using various materials of biological origin such as fungi, algae, yeast and bacterial biomass. This review discuss the significance of heavy metal removal from waste streams and provides brief overview of potential of biosorbents and biosorption technology, highlights the undelaying features of biosorption and the operation conditions such as pH, dose required, initial concentration, temperature, and treatment performance. Also sorption isotherms, sorption kinetics as well as models used to characterize biosorbent sorption are reviewed. KeywordsBiosorption; Adsorption; Heavy Metals; Wastewater; Fungi; Bacteria; Algae; Yeast

Biosorption of Heavy Metals: A Review

An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part I — Model development and parameter estimation

Reprint of: “An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part II — Experimental validation”

This paper presents the adsorption of phenol on granular activated carbon (GAC) from nutrient medium suitable for roorganismsâ€™ growth and also the subsequent biodegradation. Two parameter Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were studied using large range of phenol concentration (50-1000 mg/L). In low range of phenol concentration (50-300 mg/L), correlation coefficient, normalized deviation â€œg% and separation factor were 0.9989, 2.18% and 0.38- 0.78 respectively, while for higher concentration range (400-1000 mg/L), the corresponding values were 0.9719, 1.9% and 0.45- 0.67. Freundlich isotherm gave correlation coefficient of 0.9984, 1/n. value of 0.7269 and normalized deviation of 4.55%. Comparison based on R2, adjusted R2, normalized deviation and root mean square deviation (RMSD) showed that the Redke-Prausnitz isotherm model gives better prediction compared to other models. Adsorption of phenol follows pseudo second
order kinetics with correlation coefficient closer to one. Biodegradation study using immobilized cells of Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans on GAC showed that, biodegradation begins well before GAC reaches the saturation period.

https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_71_dd47810aa92d34991b6365444717d337.pdf

Adsorption of Phenol on Granular Activated Carbon from Nutrient Medium:Equilibrium and kinetic Study

On a realise des etudes dans des lits jaillissants multiples ayant 2, 3 et 4 cellules de jaillissement; differents orifices d'entree du fluide et differents solides ont ete utilises avec de l'air et de l'eau comme fluide de jaillissement. Les vitesses de jaillissement minimales sont mesurees pour differentes profondeurs de lits. Les donnees experimentales ont ete correlees pour le nombre de Reynolds de particules au jaillissement minimal, et on a trouve un ecart quadratique moyen de 8,75% entre les valeurs calculees et les valeurs experimentales

D V R Murthy

Papers

An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part I — Model development and parameter estimation

Reprint of: “An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part II — Experimental validation”

Adsorption of Phenol on Granular Activated Carbon from Nutrient Medium:Equilibrium and kinetic Study

Minimum spouting velocity in multiple spouted beds

Validation of an analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane module using experimental data on the removal of dimethylphenol