Part I: The Neurological Examination and Neuroanatomical Diagnosis. Levels of Consciousness and Attention. Sleep and Wakefulness. Mood, Emotion, And Thought. Praxis. Memory. Speech and Language. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve. Cranial Nerve 2: Optic Nerve and Afferent Visual Pathways. Cranial Nerves 3, 4, And 6: The Oculomotor System. Cranial Nerve 5: The Trigeminal Nerve. Cranial Nerve 7: Facial Nerve. Cranial Nerve 8: Vestibulocochlear System. Cranial Nerves 9 (Glosspharyngeal) and 10 (Vagus). Cranial Nerves 11 (Spinal Accessory) and 12 (Hypoglossal). Strength and Reflexes. Hypokinesia and Hyperkinesia. Coordination and Ataxia. Gait and Balance. Proprioception, Touch, And Vibration Sensation. Pain and Temperature. Autonomic Nervous System. Neurovascular System. Part 2: Diagnostic Ancillary Aids for Anatomic Localization. Neuroimaging. Electrophysiology. Body Fluids and Tissue Analysis. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Intracranial Pressure. Neurophysicological Testing. Part 3: Etiological Categories of Neurological Diagnoses. Developmental Structural Disorders. Degenerative and Compressive Structural Disorders. Storage Diseases: Lipidoses, Glycogenoses, And Leukodystrophies. Amino/Organic Acidopathies, Mitochondrial Enzyme Defects, And Other Metabolic Errors. Chromosomal Anomalies and Neurocutaneous Disorders. The Degenerative Dementias. Movement Disorders. Ataxias. Degenerative Motor, Sensory, And Autonomic Disorders. Inherited Muscle, Neuromuscular, And Neuronal Disorders. Endogenous Metabolic Disorders. Exogenous Acquired Metabolic Disorders of the Nervous System: Toxins and Illicit Drugs. Nutritional Deficiencies and Syndromes Associated with Alcoholism. Viral Infections. Non-Viral Infections. Transmissable Spongiform Encephalopathy. HIV and AIDS. Neurovascular Disorders. Primary Neurological Tumors. Metastatic Neoplasms and Paraneoplastic Disorders. Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Demyelinating Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System. Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. Traumati

Textbook of Clinical Neurology

The title of this volume is, in a sense, a misnomer because there is a wealth of information on body areas other than the head and neck. Nevertheless, the authors use clinical signs and symptoms which are found in the structures of the head and neck as a jumping-off point for the recognition of conditions which have been identified as specific syndromes. There are 103 chapters, each devoted to a given syndrome, arranged in alphabetical order. A detailed index complements the alphabetized table of contents, and an appendix provides a limited series of tables relating to development and maldevelopment of structures of the head and neck. Tables for normal chronologic development of deciduous and permanent teeth unfortunately do not take advantage of the more recent information such as provided by Moorrees et al ( J Dent Res 42:1490, 1963). The text is supported by a large number of excellent illustrations including

Syndromes of the Head and Neck.

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effect on the upper airways of orthopedic treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion with untreated controls. Nine databases were searched up to August 2020 for randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials comparing orthopedic Class III treatment (facemask or chin-cup) to untreated Class III patients. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions [ROBINS-I]), random-effects meta-analyses of Mean Differences (MDs)/Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment evidence-quality. A total of 10 papers (9 unique nonrandomized studies) with 466 patients (42.7% male; average age 9.1 years) were finally included. Limited evidence indicated that compared to normal growth, maxillary protraction with facemask was associated with increases in total airway area (n = 1; MD = 222.9 mm$^{2}$; 95% CI = 14.0-431.7 mm$^{2}$), total nasopharyngeal area (n = 4; SMD = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), and individual airway dimensions (upper-airway MD = 2.5 mm; lower-airway MD = 2.1 mm; upper-pharynx MD = 1.6 mm; lower-pharynx MD = 1.0 mm; all n = 6). Subgroup/meta-regression analyses did not find any significant effect-modifiers, while the results were retained 2-5 years postretention. Our confidence in these estimates was, however, very low, due to the inclusion of nonrandomized studies with methodological issues. Limited data from 2 chin-cup studies indicated smaller benefits on airway dimensions. Existing evidence from controlled clinical studies on humans indicates that maxillary protraction for skeletal Class III treatment might be associated with increased airway dimensions, which are, however, mostly minor in magnitude.

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/194618/1/p22_ok.pdf

Effect of Orthopedic Treatment for Class III Malocclusion on Upper Airways: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SUMMAry The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the mechanism of submandibular gland (SMg) involvement in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (oCSCC), and to discuss the necessity of extirpation of the gland. The authors investigated and analyzed the retrospective charts of 236 patients who underwent surgery for oCSCC over a 10-year period and the pathology reports of 294 neck dissections with SMg removal. SMg involvement was evident in 13 cases (4%). Eight cases were due to direct invasion, which was the most common mechanism. Four cases had infiltration from a metastatic periglandular lymphadenopathy, and in 1 case, metastatic disease was confirmed. The tongue and floor of the mouth were the most frequent primary sites associated with SMg involvement. The study found no bilateral cases, and in 135 SMg specimens benign pathologies were detected. involvement of the SMg in oCSCC is not frequent. it is appropriate to preserve the gland unless the primary tumour or metastatic regional lymphadenopathy is adherent to the gland.

Is it necessary to remove submandibular glands in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity? È necessaria l'asportazione chirurgica delle ghiandole sottomandibolari nel carcinoma squamoso del cavo orale?

OP139: An evaluation of oral cancer awareness and perception of tobacco use cessation counseling among dental students in four Asian countries

Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, sobre los traumatismos dentoalveolares en un grupo de pacientes de edades comprendidas entre 0 a 15 anos de edad, en el periodo de los meses de enero a diciembre del ano 2009, en el Policlinico Universitario "Antonio Pulido Humaran", del municipio La Lisa, de La Habana, Cuba. El estudio fue realizado con el proposito de caracterizar los traumatismos dentoalveolares relacionados con maloclusion dentaria. La informacion se obtuvo por el metodo de observacion mediante el examen clinico, a traves del interrogatorio y examen radiografico, durante un ano. La muestra estuvo constituida por 125 pacientes a los que se les diagnostico al menos, uno de los tipos de traumatismos dentoalveolares. Se selecciono un individuo control que no tuviera fractura por cada caso del estudio, para determinar la relacion del traumatismo con la maloclusion. Se observo que la mayor presencia de traumatismos dentales estuvo en los pacientes afectados por maloclusion, para un 76,8 %. La estimacion del riesgo para los traumas con maloclusion fue de 6,78 veces mayor, con resultado muy significativo del X , hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edades, pero no en el sexo.

/pdf/traumas-dentoalveolares-relacionados-con-maloclusiones-en-2w8pws9pjo.pdf

Traumas dentoalveolares relacionados con maloclusiones en menores de 15 años

In the 95 % of cases presenting vestibuloversion of upper incisors with bilabial incompetence provoked mainly due to deforming oral habits, it is present the dentoalveolar trauma. To relate the anterior dental overpass, the labial incompetence according to the tooth involved as well as to assess the potential relation between the types of dentoalveolar traumata suffered, according the dental overpass and the bilabial relation, a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on the dentoalveolar traumata in a group of patient aged between 1 and 15 from January to December, 2009 in the "Antonio Pulido Humaran" University Polyclinic, La Habana, Cuba. Information was gathered by questioning and by observational method by clinical and radiographic examinations. In study was evidenced that the great representation of dental traumata was in the patients involved by malocclusions for a 76.8 % including a overpass of a third of crown in the 47.2 % of patients. The more frequent trauma was the coronary fracture non-complicated in the 46.6 %. In the bilabial relation there was predominance of bilabial incompetence (53.6 %) in patients presenting with traumata with malocclusion. The teeth more involved were the central upper incisors.

/pdf/influencia-del-sobrepase-y-la-incompetencia-bilabial-como-81wsq8kv5o.pdf

Influencia del sobrepase y la incompetencia bilabial como factores predisponentes de traumatismos dentoalveolares

Introduccion: los traumatismos de los dientes anteriores son eventos que suceden con frecuencia, por su gran impacto social y psicologico deben ser considerados como un tema de trascendental importancia, lo cual motivo realizar el estudio. Objetivo: identificar caracteristicas asociadas con las fracturas dentarias en incisivos superiores permanentes en estudiantes que asistieron al servicio estomatologico de la escuela primaria "Lazo de la Vega" del municipio Marianao en el ano 2009. Metodo: Se realizo un estudio analitico, en el que se incluyeron los 235 escolares matriculados en la escuela del mismo nombre, entre 7 y 12 anos de edad que asistieron a consulta. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, presencia de habitos bucales deformantes, tipo de fractura dentaria e incisivo traumatizado. Se calculo la frecuencia absoluta, el riesgo a traves de la tasa por 100, el riesgo relativo (RR) a traves de la razon entre riesgos y se aplico el estadigrafo X 2 de Pearson para la asociacion entre variables. Resultados: el grupo de edad mas afectado es el de 10 a 12 anos con un 23,4 %, con predominio del sexo masculino dado por un RR de 2,47 veces mas que el femenino. La fractura no complicada de corona aparece con mayor frecuencia con un 61,8 %, el diente mayormente afectado es el incisivo central superior izquierdo con un 51,4 %. La diferencia de riesgo entre los grupos de edades no son significativas, aunque en relacion con el sexo las diferencias son muy significativas. Conclusiones: Hubo franco predominio de las fracturas no complicadas y de los incisivos centrales superiores, en particular el izquierdo.

/pdf/caracteristicas-asociadas-al-trauma-dentoalveolar-en-3ffls7zbpn.pdf

Características asociadas al trauma dentoalveolar en incisivos superiores

A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in the health area of the "27 de Noviembre" of Marianao municipality, La Habana, from January to December, 2009 including all patients came to emergency service presenting with acute periapical lesions. Information on following variables was available: age, sex, dental group, cause of disease, clinical features and oral hygiene. This latter was classified in the efficient and deficient categories according to the simplified index of oral hygiene. To estimate the relation between the variables and the comparison of ratios to contrast the hypothesis on potential differences among periapical lesions for the category of variables of dental group, cause of disease and clinical features. The was predominance of the acute periapical abscess in a 84.7% of the 35-39 age group and of male sex, although there were not significant differences for these variables neither in dental groups regarding the disease. The oral hygiene was related to periapical lesions. There were significant differences in periapical lesions regarding all the study causes, except for the periodontal diseases. Regarding the clinical features there was significance as regards the increase of volume of the vestibular groove fundus and tooth mobility.

/pdf/lesiones-periapicales-agudas-en-pacientes-adultos-3upk1sldjk.pdf

Lesiones periapicales agudas en pacientes adultos

El proceso de generacion de nuevo hueso por estiramiento del callo oseo se denomina osteogenesis por distraccion. Este proceso se aplica tambien a los huesos del macizo craneofacial, y en especial a la mandibula, para tratar defectos mandibulares que aparecen en diferentes sindromes, como el Treacher Collins, microsomia hemifacial, Pierre Robins, apnea obstructiva del sueno y otras deformidades secundarias a anquilosis de la articulacion temporomandibular y traumas. Se realizo una revision bibliografica del tema. Nuestro estudio de 45 series publicadas arrojo que el tipo de distractor mas usado es el extraoral, que el hueso mas tratado es la mandibula, que solo el 4,4 % de los autores realizan estudios cefalometricos para la evaluacion de los resultados y que las complicaciones mas frecuentes son la avulsion parcial de los pines, dolor en la ATM y limitacion de la apertura bucal.

Dadonim Vila Morales

Papers

Traumas dentoalveolares relacionados con maloclusiones en menores de 15 años

Influencia del sobrepase y la incompetencia bilabial como factores predisponentes de traumatismos dentoalveolares

Características asociadas al trauma dentoalveolar en incisivos superiores

Lesiones periapicales agudas en pacientes adultos

Osteogénesis por distracción esquelética maxilomandibular: Análisis de esta novedosa terapéutica