The need to adapt to climate change is now widely recognised as evidence of its impacts on social and natural systems grows and greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated. Yet efforts to adapt to climate change, as reported in the literature over the last decade and in selected case studies, have not led to substantial rates of implementation of adaptation actions despite substantial investments in adaptation science. Moreover, implemented actions have been mostly incremental and focused on proximate causes; there are far fewer reports of more systemic or transformative actions. We found that the nature and effectiveness of responses was strongly influenced by framing. Recent decision-oriented approaches that aim to overcome this situation are framed within a “pathways” metaphor to emphasise the need for robust decision making within adaptive processes in the face of uncertainty and inter-temporal complexity. However, to date, such “adaptation pathways” approaches have mostly focused on contexts with clearly identified decision-makers and unambiguous goals; as a result, they generally assume prevailing governance regimes are conducive for adaptation and hence constrain responses to proximate causes of vulnerability. In this paper, we explore a broader conceptualisation of “adaptation pathways” that draws on ‘pathways thinking’ in the sustainable development domain to consider the implications of path dependency, interactions between adaptation plans, vested interests and global change, and situations where values, interests, or institutions constrain societal responses to change. This re-conceptualisation of adaptation pathways aims to inform decision makers about integrating incremental actions on proximate causes with the transformative aspects of societal change. Case studies illustrate what this might entail. The paper ends with a call for further exploration of theory, methods and procedures to operationalise this broader conceptualisation of adaptation.

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/7817413/1_s2.0_S095937801300232X_main.pdf

Reconceptualising adaptation to climate change as part of pathways of change and response

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The World Bank Group

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and we, as machine learning experts, may wonder how we can help. Here we describe how machine learning can be a powerful tool in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping society adapt to a changing climate. From smart grids to disaster management, we identify high impact problems where existing gaps can be filled by machine learning, in collaboration with other fields. Our recommendations encompass exciting research questions as well as promising business opportunities. We call on the machine learning community to join the global effort against climate change.

Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning

Adaptation strategies for agricultural water management under climate change in Europe

Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty, by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo. Jackson, TN: PublicAffairs, 2011. 320 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58648-798-0 (hbk.). US$26.99. Po...

Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty

http://crsps.net/wp-content/downloads/Livestock-Climate%20Change/Inventoried%2012.3/12-2011-4-35.pdf

Adaptation as innovation, innovation as adaptation: An institutional approach to climate change

Social innovation and climate adaptation: Local collective action in diversifying Tanzania

Remittances to developing economies constitute one of their most important and consistent forms of capital inflow, but have long been limited by costs and risks associated with trans-border payment...

International remittance rails as infrastructures: embeddedness, innovation and financial access in developing economies

Virtualizing diaspora: new digital technologies in the emerging transnational space

The paper enquires into the practices of cooperation and mutuality that are reproduced in contemporary mutual help groups of post-socialist Tanzania. Diverse associations of cooperative work and mutual security are on the rise in globalizing African communities. Local institutions of mutual assistance are becoming increasingly important in regulating access to resources and redefining socialities in environments of persistent instability. Mutual help groups among Kuria people have emerged as institutions for facilitating exchange through relationally oriented expansion that enables the rise of new economic niches and social identities. A complex intermingling of diverse organizational features has enabled the associations to engage novel types of resources and categories of participants. The paper examines hybrid and haphazard elements of formalization that occur with the regularizing of work reciprocities and the increasing use of monetary loans and savings. Exploring culturally relevant metaphors of life-sustaining flows and passageways, indispensable for individual and social growth, the article investigates the value conversions mediated by the groups and their impacts on wider public spaces in Tanzanian communities.
	 L’article s’interesse aux pratiques de cooperation et de mutualite qui sont reproduites dans les groupes contemporains d’entraide en Tanzanie post-socialiste. Diverses associations de travail cooperatif et de securite mutuelle se developpent au sein des communautes africaines en contexte de mondialisation. Les institutions locales d’assistance mutuelle prennent de plus en plus d’importance dans la regulation de l’acces aux ressources et la redefinition des socialites dans des contextes d’instabilite persistante. Chez les Kuria, les groupes d’entraide sont devenus des institutions de facilitation de l’echange a travers une expansion orientee vers le relationnel qui favorise l’essor de nouvelles niches economiques et identites sociales. Un entremelement complexe de caracteristiques organisationnelles diverses a permis aux associations de mobiliser de nouveaux types de ressources et categories de participants. L’article examine les elements hybrides et desordonnes de formalisation qui surviennent avec la regularisation des reciprocites du travail et l’utilisation croissante du pret monetaire et de l’epargne. En explorant les metaphores culturellement pertinentes de flux et passages vitaux, indispensables au developpement individuel et social, l’article examine les conversions de valeur mediees par les groupes et leur impact sur les espaces publics au sens large au sein des communautes tanzaniennes.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0001972014000497

Daivi Rodima-Taylor

Papers

Adaptation as innovation, innovation as adaptation: An institutional approach to climate change

Social innovation and climate adaptation: Local collective action in diversifying Tanzania

International remittance rails as infrastructures: embeddedness, innovation and financial access in developing economies

Virtualizing diaspora: new digital technologies in the emerging transnational space

Passageways of cooperation: Mutuality in post-socialist Tanzania