Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

Psychology has increasingly turned to the study of psychosocial resources in the examination of well-being. How resources are being studied and resource models that have been proffered are consider...

Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation

Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002)

This study examined work-related outcomes of recovery during leisure time. A total of 147 employees completed a questionnaire and a daily survey over a period of 5 consecutive work days. Multilevel analyses showed that day-level recovery was positively related to day-level work engagement and day-level proactive behavior (personal initiative, pursuit of learning) during the subsequent work day. The data suggest considerable daily fluctuations in behavior and attitudes at work, with evidence that these are related to prior experience and opportunity for recovery in the nonwork domain.

/pdf/recovery-work-engagement-and-proactive-behavior-a-new-look-16mfc5tzjt.pdf

Recovery, Work Engagement, and Proactive Behavior: A New Look at the Interface Between Nonwork and Work

Getting to the “COR” Understanding the Role of Resources in Conservation of Resources Theory

Summary The main focus of the study was the crossover of burnout and of coping resources from husbands to wives and vice versa. The study was carried out on 101 couples, male military officers and their wives, who were randomly selected by the Israel Defense Force computer. They filled out questionnaires that measured their level of burnout, job stress, work support, family support concerning work problems, and their sense of control. Findings reveal that the husbands' sense of control and burnout were positively related to the corresponding variables measured for their wives. To establish the crossover effect, the theoretical model was tested by structural equation analysis (LISREL), which showed a positive effect of wives' burnout on husbands' burnout, after controlling for the husbands' own job stress and coping resources. The husbands' burnout likewise affected their wives' burnout. Thus, a crossover of burnout was exhibited from husbands to wives and vice versa. Furthermore, for both sexes, sense of control had the highest impact on their own burnout and on their spouse's burnout, after controlling for their own job stress and resources. Thus, the spouse's sense of control was found to be an additional resistance resource working to the benefit of the other partner. The relevance of these findings to burnout prevention is discussed.

Crossover of stress, strain and resources from one spouse to another'

We investigated crossover of burnout between spouses in 98 married couples in an organization undergoing downsizing. Burnout was found to be associated with feelings of job insecurity, self-control and social undermining. Using SEM, findings supported the crossover of burnout from husbands to wives and the impact of burnout on undermining behavior. They also supported the research hypothesis of a direct relationship between job insecurity and burnout among husbands but not among wives. Sense of control was found to have a negative impact on burnout and on the spouse's undermining behavior and a positive impact on the spouse's sense of control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Job insecurity and crossover of burnout in married couples

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that vacation relief decreases psychological and behavioral strains caused by job stressors. We examined the impact of job stress and vacation on strain on 87 blue-collar employees in an industrial enterprise in central Israel. Whereas former respite research focused on the impact of vacation only on psychological strains such as burnout and job and life satisfaction, the current study also examined a behavioral strain, absenteeism. The employees completed questionnaires before and after vacation and again four weeks later. Our findings show that vacation alleviated perceived job stress and bumout as predicted, replicating findings that a respite from work diminishes levels of strain to lower than chronic, on-the-job levels. We found declines in burnout immediately after the vacation and a return to prevacation levels four weeks later, and a similar pattern with regard to absenteeism.

The impact of vacation and job stress on burnout and absenteeism.

The study investigated crossover of stress and strain in the workplace on a sample of 47 school principals and 183 teachers in Israeli elementary schools. The main goal of this study was to examine whether the crossover effect found among couples in the family also exists in the workplace. A 2nd aim of the study was to unravel the mechanisms that account for the crossover process. Using structural equation modeling, the authors found a significant crossover of job-induced tension but not of burnout from principals to teachers and vice versa. Being undermined by their principals elevated teachers' burnout and job-induced tension. This is the 1st study to demonstrate crossover of strain in the workplace and to discuss the implications of contagious job-induced tension in work environments.

The crossover of strain from school principals to teachers and vice versa.

Dans cet article, on etudie l’impact des voyages d’affaire longue-distance sur le stress professionnel et le burnout chez 45 hommes et 12 femmes: il s’agit de 57 salaries appartenant a six entreprises de haute technologie. Les deplacements a l’etranger font partie integrante de leur travail. L’âge moyen est de 34 ans et l’anciennete moyenne dans le poste de quatre ans. Les sujets ont rempli des questionnaires d’auto-evaluation dans le but de mesurer leur niveau de stress et de burnout a trois reprises; dix jours avant le depart, pendant le sejour a l’etranger, et une semaine apres le retour. On avait pose comme hypothese principale que les voyages d’affaire longue-distance avaient un impact sur le stress professionnel et le burnout et accessoirement que les niveaux de stress et de burnout etaient plus bas au retour. Les resultats montrent que les differences de niveaux de stress et de burnout avant et apres le voyage sont significatives. Bien que ces salaries doivent beaucoup travailler durant leur voyage, ils eprouvent un declin du stress et du burnout apres leur retour au pays.

The present paper examines the impact of overseas business trips on job stress and burnout in 57 employees (45 males; 12 females) of high-tech companies who travel abroad as part of their job. The mean age of participants was 34 years and mean seniority on the job was four years. Participants were employed by six high-tech companies and had gone abroad on business trips as part of the job. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing their job stress and burnout at three points in time: 10 days prior to going abroad (pre-trip), during their stay abroad (mid-trip), and one week after their return (post-trip). The main hypothesis was that overseas business trips have an impact on job stress and burnout. We hypothesised that levels of job stress and burnout are lower after the business trips. Results show that the differences in stress and burnout level before and after the business trips were significant. Although participants worked hard during their trip, they experienced a decline in job stress and burnout after returning home.

Dalia Etzion

Papers

Crossover of stress, strain and resources from one spouse to another'

Job insecurity and crossover of burnout in married couples

The impact of vacation and job stress on burnout and absenteeism.

The crossover of strain from school principals to teachers and vice versa.

The Impact of Short Overseas Business Trips on Job Stress and Burnout