Metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention over the last decade owing to their unique properties as compared to their bulk metal equivalents, including a large surface-to-volume ratio and tunable shapes. To control the properties of nanoparticles with particular respect to shape, size and dispersity is imperative, as these will determine the activity in the desired application. Supported metal nanoparticles are widely employed in catalysis. Recent advances in controlling the shape and size of nanoparticles have opened the possibility to optimise the particle geometry for enhanced catalytic activity, providing the optimum size and surface properties for specific applications. This Review describes the state of the art with respect to the preparation and use of supported metal nanoparticles in catalysis. The main groups of such nanoparticles (noble and transition metal nanoparticles) are highlighted and future prospects are discussed.

Sustainable Preparation of Supported Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Catalysis

Microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase.

In recent years, research in the field of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as fullerenes, expanded graphite (EG), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO), has been widely used in energy storage, electronics, catalysts, and biomaterials, as well as medical applications. Regarding energy storage, one of the most important research directions is the development of CNMs as carriers of energetic components by coating or encapsulation, thus forming safer advanced nanostructures with better performances. Moreover, some CNMs can also be functionalized to become energetic additives. This review article covers updated preparation methods for the aforementioned CNMs, with a more specific orientation towards the use of these nanomaterials in energetic compositions. The effects of these functionalized CNMs on thermal decomposition, ignition, combustion and the reactivity properties of energetic compositions are significant and are discussed in detail. It has been shown that the use of functionalized CNMs in energetic compositions greatly improves their combustion performances, thermal stability and sensitivity. In particular, functionalized fullerenes, CNTs and GO are the most appropriate candidate components in nanothermites, solid propellants and gas generators, due to their superior catalytic properties as well as facile preparation methods.

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Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Catalytic effects of nano additives on decomposition and combustion of RDX-, HMX-, and AP-based energetic compositions

Mechanical alloying (MA) followed by sintering has been one of the most widely adopted routes to produce nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Enhanced solid solubility, room temperature processing, and homogenous alloy formation are the key benefits provided by MA. Spark plasma sintering has largely been used to obtain high-density HEA pellets from milled powders. However, there are many challenges associated with the production of HEAs using MA, which include contamination during milling and high propensity of oxidation. The present review provides a comprehensive understanding of various HEAs produced by MA so far, with the aim to bring out the governing aspects of phase evolution, thermal stability, and properties achieved. The limitations and challenges of the process are also critically assessed with a possible way forward. The paper also compares the results obtained from high-pressure torsion, another severe plastic deformation technique.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8B9B1E7CDF719FA7C418330BFEF45912/S0884291419000372a.pdf/div-class-title-high-entropy-alloys-by-mechanical-alloying-a-review-div.pdf

High-entropy alloys by mechanical alloying: A review

Synthesis, thermolysis, and sensitivities of HMX/NC energetic nanocomposites.

Preparation and catalytic activity of Ni/CNTs nanocomposites using microwave irradiation heating method

Salt-assisted combustion synthesis of highly dispersed superparamagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

A novel activation for electroless plating on preparing Ni/PS microspheres

Co nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by microwave-assisted heating of the hydrazine reduction in ethylene glycol (EG). The Co/CNT nanocomposites prepared by the microwave-irradiation method (MIM-Co/CNTs) were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and BET. It was found that MIM-Co/CNTs had compact coating, high cobalt loading, and large BET surface area. The obtained products for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated by DTA. The catalytic activity of MIM-Co/CNTs was better than that of pure Co nanoparticles and Co/CNT nanocomposites by water-bath method (WBM-Co/CNTs). The addition of 5 wt.-% MIM-Co/CNTs decreased the high decomposition temperature of AP by 174.05 °C and increased the total DTA heat release by 0.799 kJ g−1.

Dan Song

Papers

Synthesis, thermolysis, and sensitivities of HMX/NC energetic nanocomposites.

Preparation and catalytic activity of Ni/CNTs nanocomposites using microwave irradiation heating method

Salt-assisted combustion synthesis of highly dispersed superparamagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

A novel activation for electroless plating on preparing Ni/PS microspheres

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of Co/CNTs Nanocomposites via Microwave Irradiation