Luminescent Eu-containing copolymers were synthesized through the copolymerization of Eu−complex monomers containing β-diketones with methyl methacrylate and characterized by FT-IR, UV−vis, XPS, GPC, TGA, and DSC. All these Eu copolymers are fully soluble in common organic solvents and can be cast into transparent, uniform, thin films with good mechanical flexibility and thermal stability. The Eu−copolymer luminophores exhibited intense red light at 615 nm under UV excitation at room temperature, which is attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu(III) ions. The luminescence intensities, lifetimes and monochromaticities, η(5D0→7F2/5D0→7F1), of the Eu−copolymers are much higher than that of the corresponding Eu−complex monomers as well as Eu−complex/PMMA blends. Energy transfer processes and microenvironment effects were found to contribute to the improvement of the luminescence properties of the Eu−copolymers. A study of the dependence of emission intensities of the Eu−copolymers on the Eu content showed ...

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Novel Eu-Containing Copolymers Consisting of Eu(III)−Acrylate−β-Diketonate Complex Monomers and Methyl Methacrylate

Systems, and components thereof, for analyzing samples These systems include apparatus and methods for generating, transmitting, detecting, and/or analyzing light, including without limitation high-throughput optical screening devices for analyzing samples at one or more assay sites These systems also include apparatus and methods for supporting samples for analysis, including without limitation multiwell sample holders such as microplates

Sample analysis systems

Methods and apparatus for detecting polynucleotide hybridization in luminescence-based assays. The methods may include (1) allele-specific hybridization, using luminescence detection, (2) allele-specific oligonucleotide ligation, using dye-labeled oligonucleotide ligation with luminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection, and (3) allele-specific nucleotide incorporation, using primer extension with luminescence polarization (FP) detection. More specifically, the methods may include (1) locating a sample containing a nucleic acid material at an examination site, (2) illuminating the sample, (3) detecting light transmitted from the sample, and (4) determining the presence, absence, and/or identity of a nucleic acid target in the sample using the light transmitted from the sample.

Methods and apparatus for detecting nucleic acid polymorphisms

A new family of lanthanide carboxylate complexes with benzoic acid and its derivatives was synthesised and characterised. The structures of the complexes were established by X-ray crystallography, which revealed that various chelating modes of the carboxylate ligands are present on the metal ion, resulting in the formation of dimeric and polymeric skeletons. The photophysical properties of the Eu and Tb complexes were studied: the complexes exhibited sensitised luminescence in the visible spectral region, but the luminescence intensities and lifetimes were very sensitive to quenching by the OH groups of methanol molecules. The solid-state magnetic properties of the Gd and Tb complexes demonstrated the presence of weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions at very low temperatures, caused by interaction between the neighbouring ions along the chain. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical and Magnetic Properties of Dimeric and Polymeric Lanthanide Complexes with Benzoic Acid and Its Derivatives

Using molecular shape for the functional control of multicomponent systems is one of the challenges in the field of supramolecular chemistry. The well-known emission in the visible region of certain lanthanide (III) salts has found a new dimension by the controlled assembly of supramolecular architectures to enshroud and excite the metal. The emission properties of these systems find applications as luminescent probes in sensing schemes, interaction with bio- molecules, or light conversion systems. Complexes of Tb(III) and Eu(III) can in some cases be highly luminescent and typically exhibit emission lifetimes in the millisecond range. These long lifetimes provide a facile means to detect biomolecules labeled with lanthanide from the short-lived background emission of biosystems. The strongly ionic nature of the bonding in solid lanthanide complexes results in coordination geometries that reveal a balance between electrostatic and steric demands. The inclusion of lanthanide guests into macrocycles, cryptands, cavi- tands and spherands had the purpose of shielding the metals from solvent molecules whose OH, NH or CH groups are able to heavily quench lanthanide luminescence (intensity and lifetime) by deactivation of their emissive levels by vi- bronic coupling. The literature on the various chemical systems, based on nitrogen heteroaromatic rings, used to sensitize lanthanides will be thoroughly reviewed including those molecules synthesized by the authors which displayed high quantum yield of lan- thanide emission.

Supramolecularly Organized Lanthanide Complexes for Efficient Metal Excitation and Luminescence as Sensors in Organic and Biological Applications

To increase the excellent light-emitting properties of the Eu3+ ion, macrobicyclic and macrotricyclic ligands 7 – 10, incorporating a 18-membered tetralactam ring (acting as a lanthanide binding site) and a sensitizer group (2,2′-bipyridine or 2,2′-bipyridine 1,1′-dioxide moiety), were synthesized. The mononuclear and dinuclear europium cryptates derived from these ligands were isolated and characterized. Their luminescent properties and those of the corresponding cryptates containing a phenanthroline group (see 11 and 12) were examined in H2O and D2O solutions at 77 and 300 K. It results that the tetralactam moiety plays a major role in the efficient shielding of the complexed Eu3+ ion from the water environment. The cryptands incorporating the bipyridine unit are the most promising labels according to their photophysical properties (excitation maxima, emission decay lifetime, relative luminescent yield). In contrast with literature data, introduction of N-oxide groups in the bipyridine chromophore weakens the luminescence properties of the cryptate.

Daniel Aspe

Papers

Mono(di)nuclear Europium(III) Complexes of Macrobi(tri)cyclic Cryptands Derived from Diazatetralactams as Luminophores in Aqueous Solution