The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound. The organic light-emitting devices using the heterocyclic compounds have high-efficiency, low driving voltage, high luminance and long lifespan.

Organic light-emitting device

Electroluminescent devices based on organic materials are of considerable interest owing to their attractive characteristics and potential applications to flat panel displays. After a brief overview of the device construction and operating principles, a review is presented on recent progress in organic electroluminescent materials and devices. Small molecular materials are described with emphasis on their material issues pertaining to charge transport, color, and luminance efficiencies. The chemical nature of electrode/organic interfaces and its impact on device performance are then discussed. Particular attention is paid to recent advances in interface engineering that is of paramount importance to modify the chemical and electronic structure of the interface. The topics in this report also include recent development on the enhancement of electron transport capability in organic materials by doping and the increase in luminance efficiency by utilizing electrophosphorescent materials. Of particular interest for the subject of this review are device reliability and its relationship with material characteristics and interface structures. Important issues relating to display fabrication and the status of display development are briefly addressed as well.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/28337/1/000179449700001.pdf

Recent progress of molecular organic electroluminescent materials and devices

Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications

Research in organic electronics has included advances in materials, devices, and processes. Device architectures, increasingly complex circuitry, reliable fabrication methods, and new semiconductors are enabling the incorporation of organic electronic components in products including OLED displays and flexible electronic paper.

http://www.faculty.jacobs-university.de/dknipp/c300442/Info/kelley%20rfid.pdf

Recent Progress in Organic Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Processes

Mesostructured and mesoporous materials are emerging as a new class of optical materials. For mesostructured materials (inorganic/surfactant composites), prepared using a one-step synthesis procedure where the inorganic/surfactant/optically active species coassemble, the unique architecture provided by the surfactant-inorganic phase separation allows for higher concentrations compared to traditional sol-gel glasses and protective packaging of uniform three-dimensional arrays of optical species. The corresponding regularly arranged pores found in mesoporous materials (inorganic only) provide a high surface area to better disperse optically active components and allow for rapid diffusion for optical sensor applications. In this review, we discuss recent research results on the techniques used to produce optically functionalized mesostructured and mesoporous materials and the characterization of the final composites.

Mesoporous and Mesostructured Materials for Optical Applications

Measurements of charge injection from indium tin oxide (ITO) into the organic semiconductor, tetraphenyl diamine doped polycarbonate (PC:TPD), were carried out. The current injected at the contact was measured as a function of the hole mobility in the organic semiconductor, which was varied from 10(-6) to 10(-3) cm (2)/V x s by adjusting the concentration of the hole transport agent, TPD, in the PC host. These experiments reveal that the current injected at the contact is proportional to the hole mobility in the bulk. As a result, the ITO/PC:TPD contact is found to limit current flow in all samples, regardless of the hole mobility in PC:TPD.

Mobility-Dependent Charge Injection into an Organic Semiconductor

Modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode interface for improved hole injection in organic light emitting diodes (OLED) was investigated The injection efficiency measurements were carried out to characterize contact between ITO and the organic semiconductor triphenyldiamine (TDP) layer Coating of ITO with self-assembled ultrathin platinum (Pt) films as interface modification layers, dramatically enhances OLED efficiency and contact with TDP becomes nearly ohmic The surface morphology of ITO electrodes was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM)

Modification of Indium Tin Oxide for Improved Hole Injection in Organic Light Emitting Diodes

We have measured the electrical characteristics at the contact between indium tin oxide (ITO) and the molecularly doped polymer N-N ′-diphenyl- N-N ′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-1-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine-doped polycarbonate (PC:TPD). We find that the contact is current-limiting, supplying the sample with a current that is considerably smaller than the space charge limited current. When an ultra-thin layer of Pt or Pd is introduced between ITO and PC:TPD an increase in the injected current is observed as the contact becomes ohmic.

Characterization and improvement of the contact between indium tin oxide and triphenyl diamine-doped polycarbonate

We have measured the electrical characteristics at the contact between Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and N-N'-diphenyl-N- N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-1-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD). By carrying out independent measurements of the hole mobility in the organic layer we are able to isolate the injection and the transport processes and study the electrical characteristics of the contact alone. We find that the contact is in fact not Ohmic, but current-limiting, despite the fact that the current has a similar electric field dependence as the space charge limited current. The contact remains current-limiting even when the hole mobility is lowered by three orders of magnitude by diluting TPD into polycarbonate. The data support a model of injection in disordered materials.

Daniel B. Jacobs

Papers

Mobility-Dependent Charge Injection into an Organic Semiconductor

Modification of Indium Tin Oxide for Improved Hole Injection in Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Characterization and improvement of the contact between indium tin oxide and triphenyl diamine-doped polycarbonate

Hole injection from indium tin oxide into triphenyl diamine

Degradation due to Transverse Ion Migration in Perovskite Devices