A heat transfer composition comprising trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), carbon dioxide (R-744) and a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), propylene, propane and mixtures thereof.

Heat transfer compositions

Preface. 1: ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Fundamental Limitations. 1.3 Electrically Small Antennas: Canonical Types. 1.4 Clever Physics, but Bad Numbers. 1.5 Pathological Antennas. 1.6 ESA Summary. References. Index. 2: SUPERDIRECTIVE ANTENNAS. 2.1 History and Motivation. 2.2 Maximum Directivity. 2.3 Constrained Superdirectivity. 2.4 Bandwidth, Efficiency, and Tolerances. 2.5 Miscellaneous Superdirectivity. 2.6 Matching Circuit Loss Magnification. 2.7 Non-Foster Matching Circuits. 2.8 SD Antenna Summary. References. Index. 3: SUPERCONDUCTING ANTENNAS. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Superconductivity Concepts for Antenna Engineers. 3.3 Dipole, Loop, and Patch Antennas. 3.4 Phasers and Delay Lines. 3.5 SC Antenna Summary. References. Subject Index.

Electrically small, superdirective, and superconducting antennas

The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.

Compositions comprising fluoroolefins and uses thereof

Anti-reflective coating materials for deep ultraviolet photolithography include one or more organic light-absorbing compounds incorporated into spin-on-glass materials. Suitable absorbing compounds are strongly absorbing over wavelength ranges around wavelengths such as 365 nm, 248 nm, and 193 nm that may be used in photolithography. A method of making absorbing spin-on-glass materials includes combining one or more organic absorbing compounds with alkoxysilane or halosilane reactants during synthesis of the spin-on-glass materials.

Spin-on-glass anti-reflective coatings for photolithography

High-T c
 superconductivity has generated a great deal of interest because of the challenges it presents in the fields of material science, condensed matter physics, and electrical engineering, and because of the potential applications which may result from these research efforts. Thin-film passive microwave components may become the first high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices available for widespread use and commercialization. In this article, we review aspects of material science, physics, and engineering which directly impact high-T

 c
 superconducting microwave devices and discuss issues which determine the performance of these devices. Methods of growing HTS thin films on large-area substrates, techniques for fabricating single-level HTS passive microwave components, and the relevant properties of high-T

 c
 superconducting films are discussed, with a focus on thin films of the HTS material YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Several known mechanisms for microwave loss in both the superconductor and the dielectric substrate are presented. An overview of the general classes of superconducting passive microwave devices is given, and representative microwave devices which have been recently demonstrated are described in detail. Examples of a select few HTS active microwave components are also presented. Potential microwave applications are illustrated with comparisons to current technology.

High-temperature superconducting microwave devices: Fundamental issues in materials, physics, and engineering

The authors have fabricated high-temperature superconducting films made of TlBaCaCuO (2212) and YBaCuO

5 GHz high-temperature-superconductor resonators with high Q and low power dependence up to 90 K

Processes for patterning amorphous fluoropolymer Teflon®AF, passivating high temperature superconductor films, and improved electronic devices with amorphous fluoropolymer Teflon®AF films are disclosed.

Fluoropolymer protectant layer for high temperature superconductor film and photo-definition thereof

Disclosed are a method of detecting a leak of fluoroolefin compositions and sensors used therefor. In particular, the method is particularly useful for detecting a leak of a fluoroolefin refrigerant composition from a cooling system of an automotive vehicle. Such fluoroolefin refrigerant compositions have double bond structures which make them particularly well suited with sensing technologies, including: infrared sensors, UV sensors, NIR sensors, ion mobility or plasma chromatographs, gas chromatography, refractometry, mass spectroscopy, high temperature thick film sensors, thin film field effect sensors, pellistor sensors, Taguchi sensors and quartz microbalance sensors.

Method of detecting leaks of fluoroolefin compositions and sensors used therefor

The use of a circuit to adjust the resonance frequency of a high temperature superconductor self-resonant transmit, receive, or transmit and receive coil results in improved performance. The circuit is useful in a frequency detection system, especially in a nuclear quadrupole resonance detection system.

Frequency detection system comprising circuitry for adjusting the resonance frequency of a high temperature superconductor self-resonant coil

Disclosed are a method of determining the components of a fluoroolefin composition, a method of recharging a fluid system in which the composition is used, and sensors used therefor. In particular, the composition may be a fluoroolefin refrigerant composition used within a vapor compression system, where the refrigerant composition is useful in cooling systems as replacements for existing refrigerants with higher global warming potential. Such fluoroolefin refrigerant compositions have double bond structures which make them particularly well suited with sensing technologies, including: infrared sensors, UV/vis sensors, NIR sensors, ion mobility or plasma chromatographs, gas chromatography, refractometry, mass spectroscopy, high temperature thick film sensors, thin film field effect sensors, pellistor sensors, Taguchi sensors and quartz microbalance sensors.

Daniel B. Laubacher

Papers

5 GHz high-temperature-superconductor resonators with high Q and low power dependence up to 90 K

Fluoropolymer protectant layer for high temperature superconductor film and photo-definition thereof

Method of detecting leaks of fluoroolefin compositions and sensors used therefor

Frequency detection system comprising circuitry for adjusting the resonance frequency of a high temperature superconductor self-resonant coil

Method of determining the components of a fluoroolefin composition, method of recharging a fluid system in response thereto, and sensors used therefor