There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

We show that microstructures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets exhibit an effective magnetic permeability /spl mu//sub eff/, which can be tuned to values not accessible in naturally occurring materials, including large imaginary components of /spl mu//sub eff/. The microstructure is on a scale much less than the wavelength of radiation, is not resolved by incident microwaves, and uses a very low density of metal so that structures can be extremely lightweight. Most of the structures are resonant due to internal capacitance and inductance, and resonant enhancement combined with compression of electrical energy into a very small volume greatly enhances the energy density at critical locations in the structure, easily by factors of a million and possibly by much more. Weakly nonlinear materials placed at these critical locations will show greatly enhanced effects raising the possibility of manufacturing active structures whose properties can be switched at will between many states.

/pdf/magnetism-from-conductors-and-enhanced-nonlinear-phenomena-2fpnoamwae.pdf

Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena

Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. 1 Introduction. 2 Network Analysis. 2.1 Network Variables. 2.2 Scattering Parameters. 2.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters. 2.4 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters. 2.5 ABCD Parameters. 2.6 Transmission-Line Networks. 2.7 Network Connections. 2.8 Network Parameter Conversions. 2.9 Symmetrical Network Analysis. 2.10 Multiport Networks. 2.11 Equivalent and Dual Network. 2.12 Multimode Networks. 3 Basic Concepts and Theories of Filters. 3.1 Transfer Functions. 3.2 Lowpass Prototype Filters and Elements. 3.3 Frequency and Element Transformations. 3.4 Immittance Inverters. 3.5 Richards' Transformation and Kuroda Identities. 3.6 Dissipation and Unloaded Quality Factor. 4 Transmission Lines and Components. 4.1 Microstrip Lines. 4.2 Coupled Lines. 4.3 Discontinuities and Components. 4.4 Other Types of Microstrip Lines. 4.5 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW). 4.6 Slotlines. 5 Lowpass and Bandpass Filters. 5.1 Lowpass Filters. 5.2 Bandpass Filters. 6 Highpass and Bandstop Filters. 6.1 Highpass Filters. 6.2 Bandstop Filters. 7 Coupled-Resonator Circuits. 7.1 General Coupling Matrix for Coupled-Resonator Filters. 7.2 General Theory of Couplings. 7.3 General Formulation for Extracting Coupling Coefficient k. 7.4 Formulation for Extracting External Quality Factor Qe. 7.5 Numerical Examples. 7.6 General Coupling Matrix Including Source and Load. 8 CAD for Low-Cost and High-Volume Production. 8.1 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools. 8.2 Computer-Aided Analysis (CAA). 8.3 Filter Synthesis by Optimization. 8.4 CAD Examples. 9 Advanced RF/Microwave Filters. 9.1 Selective Filters with a Single Pair of Transmission Zeros. 9.2 Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) Filters. 9.3 Trisection and Cascaded Trisection (CT) Filters. 9.4 Advanced Filters with Transmission-Line Inserted Inverters. 9.5 Linear-Phase Filters. 9.6 Extracted Pole Filters. 9.7 Canonical Filters. 9.8 Multiband Filters. 10 Compact Filters and Filter Miniaturization. 10.1 Miniature Open-Loop and Hairpin Resonator Filters. 10.2 Slow-Wave Resonator Filters. 10.3 Miniature Dual-Mode Resonator Filters. 10.4 Lumped-Element Filters. 10.5 Miniature Filters Using High Dielectric-Constant Substrates. 10.6 Multilayer Filters. 11 Superconducting Filters. 11.1 High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Materials. 11.2 HTS Filters for Mobile Communications. 11.3 HTS Filters for Satellite Communications. 11.4 HTS Filters for Radio Astronomy and Radar. 11.5 High-Power HTS Filters. 11.6 Cryogenic Package. 12 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Filters. 12.1 UWB Filters with Short-Circuited Stubs. 12.2 UWB-Coupled Resonator Filters. 12.3 Quasilumped Element UWB Filters. 12.4 UWB Filters Using Cascaded Miniature High- And Lowpass Filters. 12.5 UWB Filters with Notch Band(s). 13 Tunable and Reconfigurable Filters. 13.1 Tunable Combline Filters. 13.2 Tunable Open-Loop Filters without Via-Hole Grounding. 13.3 Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters. 13.4 Wideband Filters with Reconfigurable Bandwidth. 13.5 Reconfigurable UWB Filters. 13.6 RF MEMS Reconfigurable Filters. 13.7 Piezoelectric Transducer Tunable Filters. 13.8 Ferroelectric Tunable Filters. Appendix: Useful Constants and Data. A.1 Physical Constants. A.2 Conductivity of Metals at 25 C (298K). A.3 Electical Resistivity rho in 10-8 m of Metals. A.4 Properties of Dielectric Substrates. Index.

Microstrip filters for RF/microwave applications

: Over the past decade counterfeiting ofelectronics technologies have become an important issue.Despite all actions and concerns, this problem continues toescalate due to offshore fabrication of the integratedcircuits ICs [1]. In order to satisfy this growing securitydemand, we have designed a magnetic field probe arraythat has potential to create a system capable of identifyingthe functionality of component elements of ICs, identifyingmalicious circuitry (Trojan), physical and electrical faultsin ICs, compare ICs to known good circuits for the purposeof quality control. Measurement results with the designedEM probe demonstrated an operating frequency rangefrom DC to 5GHz, an isolation between each loop of about40dB, a dynamic range of 25 dB between the ON and OFFstate of the probe, and the capability to map in real-time anIC device. This non-invasive solution is cost effective, witha small form factor.

Innovative Magnetic-Field Array Probe for TRUST Integrated Circuits

L'invention concerne une surface impedance accordable numeriquement commandee. La surface a impedance accordable est du type ayant un reseau bidimensionnel de plaques conductrices disposees de facon adjacente a un milieu dielectrique; un plan de sol espaces du reseau bidimensionnel de plaques conductrices, le milieu dielectrique apparaissant au moins entre et separant le reseau bidimensionnel de plaques conductrices et le plan de sol; et des conducteurs couplant des plaques conductrices alternees au plan de sol. Une pluralite de condensateurs commandes en tension sont couples entre des plaques adjacentes dans le reseau bidimensionnel de plaques conductrices et un reseau de convertisseurs numerique-analogique sont disposes sur ou de maniere adjacente au plan de sol.

Architecture de commande numérique pour une surface à impédance accordable

Using a relaxation oscillator circuit, breakdown ($V_{\mathrm{BD}}$) and quench ($V_{\mathrm{Q}}$) voltages of a DC discharge microplasma between two needle probes are measured. High resolution modified Paschen curves are obtained for argon microplasmas including a quench voltage curve representing the voltage at which the plasma turns off. It is shown that, for a point to point microgap (e.g. the microgap between two needle probes) which describes many realistic microdevices, neither Paschen's law applies nor field emission is noticeable. Although normally $V_{\mathrm{BD}}>V_{\mathrm{Q}}$, it is observed that depending on environmental parameters of argon, such as pressure and the driving circuitry, plasma can exist in a different state with equal $V_{\mathrm{BD}}$ and $V_{\mathrm{Q}}$. Using emission line spectroscopy, it is shown that $V_{\mathrm{BD}}$ and $V_{\mathrm{Q}}$ are equal if the atomic excitation by the electric field dipole moment dominantly leads to one of the argon's metastable states ($4P_{5}$ in our study).

On the difference between breakdown and quench voltages of argon plasma and its relation to $4p-4s$ atomic state transitions

A slot line waveguide that incorporates an enclosure in the form of a perfect-magnetic conductor (PMC) is presented. The configuration exclusively supports the propagation of a quasi-transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode, that is shown to be immune to reflections associated with bends in the propagation pathway. This is due to the mode forming time-reversal symmetry-warranted pseudospin states (decoupled polarizations), which are locked to the wavevector. Generally, spin-polarized states like in photonic topological insulators (PTIs) can exhibit backscattering-immune transmission if the scatterer does not flip the spin. Unlike PTIs, however, the proposed structure does not demand a special global behavior of the wavefunction of a periodic system. Here, the pseudospin property is intrinsic to the quasi-TEM mode and is simply enforced by eliminating all other modes including plane waves through the use of the PMC cover. We show a proof-of-concept design that is compatible with low-cost printed-circuit-board fabrication process as well as numerical full-wave simulation results. The evident competitive performance and simplicity of the proposed waveguide make it attractive for numerous microwave, millimeter-wave and terahertz applications.

Daniel F. Sievenpiper

Papers

Innovative Magnetic-Field Array Probe for TRUST Integrated Circuits

Architecture de commande numérique pour une surface à impédance accordable

On the difference between breakdown and quench voltages of argon plasma and its relation to $4p-4s$ atomic state transitions

Reflection-free Transmission in Time-reversal Symmetry-proteced Slot Line Waveguide

A MIMO antenna synthesis algorithm using characteristic modes