Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world

The World Health Organization has just released the Global status report on road safety —the first broad assessment that describes the road safety situation in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardised survey. The results provide a benchmark that countries can use to assess their road safety position relative to other countries, while at the international level these findings can be considered as a “baseline”, against which regional and global level progress can be measured.

The questionnaire used for this survey was developed in consultation with an expert committee of road safety researchers and practitioners. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire, the content of which was based on the recommendations of the World report on road traffic injury prevention , developed by WHO, the World Bank and many other partners in 2004. The methodology used involved the identification of a National Data Coordinator in each country who identified up to seven other national road safety experts from multiple sectors who could complete the questionnaire. A consensus meeting was then held involving all …

/pdf/global-status-report-on-road-safety-z8sctieuwy.pdf

Global status report on road safety.

Part 1 The argumentative turn: policy institutions and practices: Policy discourse and the politics of Washington think tanks, Frank Fischer Discourse coalitions and the institutionalization of practice - the case of acid rain in Great Britain, Maarten Hajer Political judgement and the policy cycle - the case of ethnicity arguments in the Netherlands, Robert Hoppe Counsel and consensus - norms of argumentation in health policy, Bruce Jennings. Part 2 Analytical concepts - frames, tropes, and narratives: Survey research as rhetorical trope - electric power planning arguments in Chicago, J.A. Throgmorton Frame reflective policy discourse, Martin Rein and Donald Schon Reading policy narratives - beginning, middle, and end, Thomas J. Kaplan Learning from practice stories - the priority of practical judgement, John Forester. Part 3 Theoretical perspectives: Policy anlysis and planning - from science to argumentation, John Dryzek Planning through debate - the communicative turn in planning theory, Patsy Healey Policy reforms as arguments, William Dunn Two worlds of policy discourse - consensual versus adversarial proposal selection, Duncan MacRae.

http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/POLICY%20ANALYSIS%20The%20Argumentative%20turn%20in%20policy%20analysis%20and%20planning.pdf

The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning

Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement

eMedicine创建于1996年，由近万名临床医师作为作者或编辑参与此临床医学知识库的建设，其中编辑均是来自美国哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、芝加哥、德克萨斯、加州大学等各分校医学院的教授或副教授。

eMedicine

It is not uncommon for emeritus professors to take a more reflective view of their discipline, or even for them to grapple with the significance of their specialist knowledge for perennial human questions. Leslie Hearnshaw, for many years Professor of Psychology at Liverpool, is better equipped than many for this role, having already written a history of British psychology and the standard biography of Cyril Burt. In this book, he responds strongly to those he sees as jeopardizing an ancient humanist project of psychological knowledge: over-specialized professional psychologists, historians indifferent to present scientific psychology, and critics of the whole progressivist enterprise. The result is an extraordinarily wide-ranging study-very definitely a conscious act of unification-to portray \"psychology\" as a coherent and progressive endeavour, whatever its problematic qualities as science. His story begins with the animism of early cultures, and it runs through the Greeks to the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the grounding of modern psychology in biology, philosophy, and the German universities in the nineteenth century. There is a separate chapter on \"medical influences\", arguing that it is only with the generation ofJames and Ribot that there is any significant medical psychology. He also attempts to do justice to \"the social dimension\"; and few other histories of psychology have had the breadth to assimilate Marx or Parsons. With the twentieth century, Hearnshaw stresses clearly the \"shaping\" power of the occupational organization and application of psychology, as well as the theoretical and methodological issues which usually dominate such general accounts. In the final chapters, he shows that recent psychology has not been so specialized that it has avoided shaping by philosophical critiques, and he then boldly reviews \"the state of the art\", focusing on the neurosciences and the \"cognitive revolution\". In conclusion, he ventures his own candidate for a unifying \"metapsychology\", based on William Stern's \"personalism\". This is an extraordinary journey, and niggles about detail are out of place, though some passing judgments make one blench. Ultimately, I feel, the book is a declaration of faith. Certainly, it does not engage with the deep difficulties, philosophical and historical, of the enterprise; the key values of continuity, progress, and the striving intellect give the book its form and are not themselves the subject of reflection. As a result the material up till the twentieth century is much less interesting (and in my view less defensible) than what follows, since it becomes a …

In the shadow of the poorhouse: a social history of welfare in America

The 11 original articles that comprise this book are the result of a collaboration between researchers and policymakers that was organized by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Milbank Memorial Fund These article assess research-based knowledge about effective treatment in order to provide guidance to policymakers

Treating drug abusers effectively

U.S. policymakers are making greater use of findings from systematic reviews, the principal product of the discipline of research synthesis. This paper summarizes the methodology and availability of systematic reviews and the brief history of their introduction to policymakers in the public and private sectors and health professionals in the United States. Then, as a case study, the paper describes how officials in a consortium of states are using systematic reviews to inform decisions about coverage for pharmaceuticals. Finally, it explores the prospects for wider use of systematic reviews by policymakers.

Evidence of evidence-based health policy: the politics of systematic reviews in coverage decisions.

The AIDS epidemic has posed more urgent historical questions than any other disease of modern times. How have societies responded to epidemics in the past? Why did the disease emerge when and where it did? How has it spread among members of particular groups? And how will the past affect the future - in particular, what does the history of medical science and public health tell us about our ability to control the epidemic and eventually to cure the disease? Historical methods of inquiry change, and people who use these methods often disagree on theory and practice. Indeed, the contributors to this volume hold a variety of opinions on controversial historiographic issues. But they share three important principles: cautious adherence to the 'social constructionist' view of past and present; profound skepticism about historicism's idea of progress; and wariness about 'presentism', the distortion of the past by seeing it only from the point of view of the present. Each of the twelve essays addresses an aspect of the burdens of history during the AIDS epidemic. By 'burdens' is meant the inescapable significance of events in the past for the present. All of these events are related in some way to the current epidemic and can help clarify the complex social and cultural responses to the crisis of AIDS. This collection illuminates present concerns directly and forcefully without sacrificing attention to historical detail and to the differences between past and present situations. It reminds us that many of the issues now being debated - quarantine, exclusion, public needs and private rights - have their parallels in the past. This will be an important book for social historians and general readers as well as for historians of medicine.

AIDS : the burdens of history

/pdf/evaluating-the-quality-of-medical-care-donabedian-s-classic-bakx27ui74.pdf

Daniel M. Fox

Papers

In the shadow of the poorhouse: a social history of welfare in America

Treating drug abusers effectively

Evidence of evidence-based health policy: the politics of systematic reviews in coverage decisions.

AIDS : the burdens of history

“Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care”: Donabedian’s Classic Article 50 Years Later