Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world

The World Health Organization has just released the Global status report on road safety —the first broad assessment that describes the road safety situation in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardised survey. The results provide a benchmark that countries can use to assess their road safety position relative to other countries, while at the international level these findings can be considered as a “baseline”, against which regional and global level progress can be measured.

The questionnaire used for this survey was developed in consultation with an expert committee of road safety researchers and practitioners. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire, the content of which was based on the recommendations of the World report on road traffic injury prevention , developed by WHO, the World Bank and many other partners in 2004. The methodology used involved the identification of a National Data Coordinator in each country who identified up to seven other national road safety experts from multiple sectors who could complete the questionnaire. A consensus meeting was then held involving all …

/pdf/global-status-report-on-road-safety-z8sctieuwy.pdf

Global status report on road safety.

Part 1 The argumentative turn: policy institutions and practices: Policy discourse and the politics of Washington think tanks, Frank Fischer Discourse coalitions and the institutionalization of practice - the case of acid rain in Great Britain, Maarten Hajer Political judgement and the policy cycle - the case of ethnicity arguments in the Netherlands, Robert Hoppe Counsel and consensus - norms of argumentation in health policy, Bruce Jennings. Part 2 Analytical concepts - frames, tropes, and narratives: Survey research as rhetorical trope - electric power planning arguments in Chicago, J.A. Throgmorton Frame reflective policy discourse, Martin Rein and Donald Schon Reading policy narratives - beginning, middle, and end, Thomas J. Kaplan Learning from practice stories - the priority of practical judgement, John Forester. Part 3 Theoretical perspectives: Policy anlysis and planning - from science to argumentation, John Dryzek Planning through debate - the communicative turn in planning theory, Patsy Healey Policy reforms as arguments, William Dunn Two worlds of policy discourse - consensual versus adversarial proposal selection, Duncan MacRae.

http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/POLICY%20ANALYSIS%20The%20Argumentative%20turn%20in%20policy%20analysis%20and%20planning.pdf

The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning

Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement

eMedicine创建于1996年，由近万名临床医师作为作者或编辑参与此临床医学知识库的建设，其中编辑均是来自美国哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、芝加哥、德克萨斯、加州大学等各分校医学院的教授或副教授。

eMedicine

Governing Health: The Politics of Health Policy

Two fringe discourses in search of influence on policy.

David Fox, a founder of the Society for Health and Human Values, has been a careful observer of the development of bioethics. My chores are these: first, to sketch the six models of history that have been invoked at this celebration. Second, to demonstrate that these models are also useful for understanding another area of our public life that has many similarities with the bioethics movement. And third, I will end by suggesting a new and I think a higher criterion for a theory to explain historical events than most people are familiar with. It is a criterion that looks forward as well as backward. The six models that I heard were these: one, bioethics has been the soft side of the golden age of medicine, of the expansion of medical power. It's been the conscience, the sensitive side, during a period in which we medicalized practically everything. Within this broad medicalization of American society, bioethics embraced and brought to bear on medicine the great traditions of moral philosophy, the immediate pressures of civil rights, and concern for minorities of all kinds. And indeed, bioethics also gave the medical profession a wonderful and new set of tools with which to regulate the bad apples, the people within medicine who were behaving in ways inconsistent with the medicalization of practically everything during that wonderful golden age. The second model is bioethics as a response to technology, to vast elaborations of complexity in diagnostics, in treatment, and in research. In this interpretation of the history of bioethics, technology is a source of problems. There are two variants: one is that technology is a source of problems to be either anticipated or managed. The other is that technology exemplifies the need for a counterreformation in medical thinking or for a restoration to an earlier time. The third historical explanation, the third model, draws heavily on the tradition of the political economy in our thought. It's the explanation that tries to look at the history of bioethics in terms of supply and demand--supply of what bioethicists could do and a demand for it. There's a political economy of the right and the left, of course. From the right this model emphasizes markets and medicine as a commodity. From the left it emphasizes exactly the same things, but talks more about classes, about the interesting ways in which we observe not whether each of our colleagues has a price, but what it is. The fourth explanation is what I call the model of great people and great events. Women and men make history. We certainly began that way, as Shana Alexander and Judith Swazey have told us about the Seattle experience. The fifth model is that the history of bioethics is an assertion of a great cultural tradition during a time of grave and deepening moral crisis for our society. And the final model, which the people who drifted toward it would probably not identify as a model, is the one that most of us really secretly believe. This is the model that says history is one damned thing after another. Now let me put this another way and look outward from medicine as I move to the second part of my chore, which is making what to some of you may be an odious, and to others an uncomfortable, and I hope for all of you a provocative comparison: since 1945 the only arena of public concern that absorbed more attention than health care (though not as many of the resources of our society) was the conflict with the Soviet Union and the nuclear arms race. …

Daniel M. Fox

Papers

Governing Health: The Politics of Health Policy

Two fringe discourses in search of influence on policy.

View the Second

The cost of AIDS from conjecture to research.

Health Policy and the History of Welfare States: A Reinterpretation