Current literature on the roles of α-, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in neurocognitive function has largely focused on preventing cognitive decline in older people, and less on neuro-development in children. We examined the relations of maternal plasma carotenoids concentrations with offspring cognitive development up to age 4.5 years in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes mother–offspring cohort study. Maternal plasma α-, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations at delivery were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Children’s cognition was assessed at ages 2 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development) and 4.5 (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test) years. Associations were examined in 419 mother–offspring pairs using linear regressions adjusting for key confounders. Median and interquartile range of maternal plasma concentrations (mg/L) were: α-carotene 0.052 (0.032, 0.081), β-carotene 0.189 (0.134, 0.286), and β-cryptoxanthin 0.199 (0.123, 0.304). In 2 years old children, higher maternal carotenoids [per standard deviation (SD) log-concentration] were positively associated with neurocognitive functions: β-cryptoxanthin with higher scores in cognitive [β = 0.18, (0.08, 0.28) SD], receptive language [β = 0.17 (0.07, 0.27) SD], fine motor [β = 0.16 (0.05, 0.26) SD], and gross motor [β = 0.16 (0.06, 0.27) SD] scales; β-carotene with higher cognitive score [β = 0.17 (0.05, 0.29) SD]. No significant associations were observed with neurocognitive functions at age 4.5 years. Our study provides novel data suggesting a potential role of prenatal carotenoids, particularly β-cryptoxanthin, on early offspring cognitive and motor development. Whether the prenatal influences sustain beyond early childhood requires further investigation in longer term studies.

Higher maternal plasma β-cryptoxanthin concentration is associated with better cognitive and motor development in offspring at 2 years of age

Resumo : O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as relacoes entre esportividade e tracos de personalidade de esportistas eletronicos amadores do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi composta de 36 esportistas eletronicos amadores, todos residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram o Questionario de Personalidade de Eysenck; Questionario de Atitudes no Esporte; e um questionario suplementar de cunho sociodemografico. O teste de correlacao de Spearman mostrou uma correlacao negativa moderada da variavel idade com os tracos de personalidade Psicoticismo (rho= -0,424; p= 0,010) e Neuroticismo (rho= -0,386; p= 0,020), e com a dimensao Convencao (rho= -0,452; p= 0,006). A variavel anos de jogo exibiu correlacao positiva moderada com a dimensao Antidesportivismo (rho= 0,410; p= 0,013). A variavel horas semanais praticadas tambem acusou uma correlacao positiva moderada com o Antidesportivismo (rho= 0,345; p= 0,039). Observou-se uma correlacao positiva moderada entre o Psicoticismo e a dimensao Convencao (rho= 0,360; p= 0,031). A Extroversao correlacionou-se positiva e moderadamente com a dimensao Trapaca (rho= 0,351; p= 0,036). O Neuroticismo e as dimensoes Empenho (rho= 0,372; p= 0,025) e Convencao (rho= 0,447 p= 0,006) correlacionaram-se de modo positivo e moderado. Conclui-se que os graus de esportividade de esportistas eletronicos estao relacionados a determinados tracos de personalidade. Abstract : The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sportsmanship and personality traits of amateur electronic sportsmen from Rio de Janeiro. The sample consisted of 36 amateur electronic sportsmen, all residents at Rio de Janeiro city. The instruments for data collection were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire; the Sport Attitudes Questionnaire; and a supplementary sociodemographic questionnaire. Spearman's correlation test showed a moderate negative correlation between the age variable and the personality traits Psychoticism (rho= -0,424; p= 0,010) and Neuroticism (rho= -0,386; p= 0,020), and the Convention dimension (rho= -0,452; p= 0,006). The variable years of practice exhibited moderate positive correlation with the dimension Unsportsmanship (rho= 0,410; p= 0,013). The variable hours per week practiced also showed a moderate positive correlation with Unsportsmanship (rho= 0,345; p= 0,039). There was a moderate positive correlation between Psychoticism and the Convention dimension (rho= 0,360; p= 0,031). Extroversion correlated positively and moderately with the Cheat dimension (rho= 0,351; p= 0,036). Neuroticism and the Commitment (rho= 0,372; p= 0,025) and Convention (rho= 0,447 p= 0,006) dimensions were correlated positively and moderately. One concludes that the sportsmanship levels of electronic sportsmen are related to certain personality traits. Resumen : El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relacion entre deportividad y rasgos de personalidad de deportistas electronicos amadores de Rio de Janeiro. La muestra consistio en 36 deportistas electronicos amadores, todos residentes en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Los instrumentos para la recoleccion de datos fueron el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck; Cuestionario de actitudes deportivas; y un cuestionario sociodemografico suplementario. La prueba de correlacion de Spearman mostro una correlacion negativa moderada de la variable edad con los rasgos de personalidad Psicoticismo (rho= -0,424; p= 0,010) y Neuroticismo (rho= -0,386; p= 0,020), y con la dimension Convencion (rho= -0,452; p= 0,006). La variable anos de juego exhibiero una correlacion positiva moderada con la dimension Antideportividad (rho= 0,410; p= 0,013). Las horas semanales practicadas tambien mostraron una correlacion positiva moderada con la Antideportividad (rho= 0,345; p= 0,039). Hubo una correlacion positiva moderada entre el Psicoticismo y la dimension de la Convencion (rho= 0,360; p= 0,031). La Extroversion se correlaciono positiva y moderadamente con la dimension Trapaza (rho= 0,351; p= 0,036). El Neuroticismo y las dimensiones de Empeno (rho= 0,372; p= 0,025) y Convencion (rho= 0,447 p= 0,006) se correlacionaron positiva y moderadamente. Se concluye que los grados de Deportividad de los deportes electronicos estan relacionados con ciertos rasgos de personalidad.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7446338.pdf

Relações entre esportividade e traços de personalidade de esportistas eletrônicos amadores do Rio de Janeiro

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Analysis of the relationship between personality traits and leadership characteristics of handball coaches of school teams in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Different aspects of the socioeconomic context can affect intelligence. This study investigated the intellectual performance of children from different places of residence and school types. The analyses compared children from the outskirts (n = 169) and the central region (n = 110) from Porto Alegre; and children from private (n = 49) and public (n = 61) schools. Data collection included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and sociodemographic record. Analysis of covariance (between groups) and Analysis of Variance for repeated measures (within-group) were used. Children from the outskirts region showed poorer performance on all WASI scores and, in the within-group comparison, lower results on verbal tasks - which did not occur in the central region group. Children from public and private schools differed in all WASI scores but had a similar within-group performance.

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Intelligence and Socioeconomic Context on Childhood: Comparisons by Place of Residence and School Type

: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between personality traits and tactical knowledge of field hockey players. The sample consisted of 53 Brazilian female field hockey athletes. The collection instruments were the Big Five Personality Factors Inventory, the Self-Assessment Inventory of Tactical Skills in Collective Sports Games, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were treated according to descriptive and correlational statistics. Percentage values were calculated when the variables showed significant differences. The normality and homogeneity of the data were verified by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. The partial correlation test, controlled by the position of the players, was used to analyze associations between the variables. A one-way ANOVA was applied to compare participants’ age and practice time with their field positions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the positions of the players. The value of p<.05 was adopted for statistical significance. As a result, a moderate positive correlation was obtained between practice time and age; a moderate negative correlation of Neuroticism with age and practice time; moderate positive correlations between practice time and declarative and procedural knowledge. The Openness exhibited moderate positive correlations with declarative and procedural knowledge. The midfield players had higher scores in Extraversion when compared to the defensive players. In Agreeableness, the midfield players had higher scores when compared to defense and attack. The study allowed concluding that Openness was associated with the tactical knowledge domain.

Relationships between personality traits and perception of tactical knowledge in brazilian female field hockey players

Estudos familiares demonstram que grande parte da variância das habilidades cognitivas e atribuida a variância genotipica. Alem disso, correlacoes de parentesco possuem, geralmente, maiores valores quando as tarefas sao altamente carregadas de g, fenomeno conhecido como "efeito Jensen". No entanto, em outra linha de investigacao, estudos sugerem que o nivel socioeconomico e um fator importante para explicar as diferencas cognitivas. O presente estudo investigou essas premissas em uma amostra de 141 maes (idade media = 36,6; DP = 6,0) e seus filhos (53,2% meninas;idade media = 11,0; DP = 2,1). Administrou-se as Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (em maes e filhos) e seis outras medidas cognitivas (nos filhos). Os resultados sugeriram uma evidencia de herdabilidade em g (efeito Jensen). No entanto, os coeficientes de correlacoes familiares foram menores (0,041 a 0,177) a outros comumemente publicados. Por outro lado, a diferenca entre os scores de QI das maes e de seus filhos foi influenciada pelo nivel socioeconomico (NSE) e pelo nivel de escolaridade da mae. No geral, advoga-se por uma interacao gene x ambiente das diferencas de habilidades cognitivas dependente do contexto socio-economico.

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Daniel Marcos Andrade

Papers

Mothers-Offspring Resemblance in Intelligence and Its Relationship to Socioeconomic Status

Hans Eysenck in Latin America: His influence in the psychology, the study of personality and individual differences