Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

The aim of this study was to investigate age and gender effects of children’s and adolescents’ coping with common stressors in 3 age groups (late childhood, early, and middle adolescence). Furthermore, age and developmental differences in situation-specific coping with 2 stress domains were examined. N = 1,123 participants (ages 8 to 13 years) were asked to complete the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (Hampel et al., 2001) in response to both an interpersonal and an academic stressor. Adolescent boys and girls, as well as girls from all age ranges scored lower on adaptive and higher on maladaptive coping strategies. With regard to interaction effects, female early adolescents coped maladaptively with common stressors, showing a decreased employment of adaptive (e.g., distraction, positive self-instructions) and an enhanced use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., rumination, aggression). Situation-specific coping did not differ consistently with age and gender. Implications of the findings for mental health care and developing clinical treatment of children and adolescents are discussed.

Age and Gender Effects on Coping in Children and Adolescents

Religion/spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review

A new theory of attraction and liking based on kin selection suggests that people detect genetic similarity in others in order to give preferential treatment to those who are most similar to themselves. There are many sources of empirical and theoretical support for this view, including (1) the inclusive fitness theory of altruism, (2) kin recognition studies of animals raised apart, (3) assortative mating studies, (4) favoritism in families, (5) selective similarity among friends, and (6) ethnocentrism. Specific tests of the theory show that (1) sexually interacting couples who produce a child are genetically more similar to each other in blood antigens than they are either to sexually interacting couples who fail to produce a child or to randomly paired couples from the same sample; (2) similarity between marriage partners is most marked in the more genetically influenced of sets of anthropometric, cognitive, and personality characteristics; (3) after the death of a child, parental grief intensity is correlated with the child's similarity to the parent; (4) long-term male friendship pairs are more similar to each other in blood antigens than they are to random dyads from the same sample; and (5) similarity among best friends is most marked in the more genetically influenced of sets of attitudinal, personality, and anthropometric characteristics. The mechanisms underlying these findings may constitute a biological substrate of ethnocentrism, enabling group selection to occur.

Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection

This book is about some topical philosophical and methodological prob lems that arise in the study of behavior and mind, as well as in the treatment of behavioral and mental disorders. It deals with such questions as 'What is behavior a manifestation of?', 'What is mind, and how is it related to matter?', 'Which are the positive legacies, if any, of the major psychological schools?', 'How can behavior and mind best be studied?', and 'Which are the most effective ways of modifying behavioral and mental processes?' These questions and their kin cannot be avoided in the long run because they fuel the daily search for better hypotheses, experimental designs, techniques, and treatments. They also occur in the critical examination of data and theories, as well as methods for the treatment of behavioral and mental disorders. All students of human or animal, normal or abnormal behavior and mind, whether their main concern is basic or applied, theoretical or em pirical, admit more or less tacitly to a large number of general philosophi cal and methodological principles."

Philosophy of Psychology

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Calidad de vida: una definición integradora

Consistent with an emphasis on positive psychology, and on ability rather than deficit, this study of adolescents in 4 communities sought to examine how young people cope with their concerns. Samples of Australian, Colombian, German, and Palestinian students completed the general form of the Adolescent Coping Scale, an 80-item instrument used to measure coping. A comparison of young people's usage of 3 coping styles and 18 coping strategies within these communities indicated that Palestinian youth report greater usage of all but three strategies (namely, physical recreation, relaxation, and tension reduction), and German youth report the least usage of 2/3 of the strategies assessed. Both Palestinian and Colombian youth were noted to utilize more seek to belong, focus on the positive, social action, solving the problem, seeking spiritual support, and worry than were German or Australian adolescents. When the relative usage of coping strategies within national settings was considered, some noticeable differences were apparent. For example it was found that regardless of the national setting young people reported most frequent use of working hard and use of problem solving strategies. When it comes to more culturally determined activities such as physical recreation, the Australian and German students ranked this strategy more highly in their coping repertoires than do the Colombians, and more noticeably, the Palestinian students. For example, although physical recreation is ranked as the second most commonly used strategy for the German sample, it is ranked 16th by the Palestinians. The study demonstrates the importance of identifying coping strategies that are reflective of each community under investigation. Similarity in coping cannot be assumed across different student populations. Consequently caution needs to be exercised when importing coping programs from one community to another.

Coping with Concerns: An Exploratory Comparison of Australian, Colombian, German, and Palestinian Adolescents

Filosofía de la psicología

Se presentan los principales desarrollos de la psicologia en America Latina, desde el contexto de la psicologia
interamericana. La Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia (SIP) fue fundada el 17 de diciembre de 1951 en
Ciudad de Mexico. El primer Congreso Interamericano de Psicologia se llevo a cabo en Santo Domingo
(Republica Dominicana) entre el 10 y el 20 de diciembre de 1953. Este medio siglo ha marcado un acelerado
proceso de desarrollo en la psicologia en America Latina, en todo el continente americano, y en el mundo en
general. Se han creado programas de formacion profesional a lo largo y ancho del continente, y podemos
afirmar que hoy existen psicologos profesionales en todos los paises de las Americas El papel del psicologo en
la sociedad ha logrado tener importancia y relevancia habiendo partido de comienzos muy modestos. Se esta
llevando a cabo investigacion cientifica de alto nivel, especialmente en algunos paises lideres, como son Mexico
y Brasil, pero tambien en Peru, Venezuela, Argentina, Cuba, Chile, Colombia, y en general en America Latina.
La falta de originalidad que senalaba Alarcon en su libro Orientaciones Teoricas de la Psicologia en America
Latina, en 1997, ha comenzado a dar paso a trabajos originales y a investigaciones pioneras. Los siguientes 50
anos de la psicologia en este contexto cultural probablemente van a continuar con estos desarrollos, y
seguramente llevaran a integrar la psicologia latinoamericana al contexto internacional.

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Rubén Ardila

Papers

Philosophy of Psychology

Calidad de vida: una definición integradora

Coping with Concerns: An Exploratory Comparison of Australian, Colombian, German, and Palestinian Adolescents

Filosofía de la psicología

A Psicologia Latinoamericana: El Primer Medio Siglo