This comprehensive textbook presents a clean and coherent account of most fundamental tools and techniques in Parameterized Algorithms and is a self-contained guide to the area. The book covers many of the recent developments of the field, including application of important separators, branching based on linear programming, Cut & Count to obtain faster algorithms on tree decompositions, algorithms based on representative families of matroids, and use of the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. A number of older results are revisited and explained in a modern and didactic way. The book provides a toolbox of algorithmic techniques. Part I is an overview of basic techniques, each chapter discussing a certain algorithmic paradigm. The material covered in this part can be used for an introductory course on fixed-parameter tractability. Part II discusses more advanced and specialized algorithmic ideas, bringing the reader to the cutting edge of current research. Part III presents complexity results and lower bounds, giving negative evidence by way of W[1]-hardness, the Exponential Time Hypothesis, and kernelization lower bounds. All the results and concepts are introduced at a level accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises, many with hints, while the bibliographic notes point to original publications and related work.

Parameterized Algorithms

Wittgenstein's work remains, undeniably, now, that off one of those few philosophers who will be read by all future generations.

Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics. By L. Wittgenstein. Edited by G. H. Von Wright, R. Rhees and G. E. M. Anscombe. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. Pp. 400. 37s. 6d. 1956. (Basil Blackwell, Oxford)

Preliminary Definitions, Results and Motivation Stable Matching Problems: The Stable Marriage Problem: An Update SM and HR with Indifference The Stable Roommates Problem Further Stable Matching Problems Other Optimal Matching Problems: Pareto Optimal Matchings Popular Matchings Profile-Based Optimal Matchings.

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Algorithmics of Matching Under Preferences

The reliance on multi/many-core systems to satisfy the high performance requirement of complex embedded software applications is increasing. This necessitates the need to realize efficient mapping methodologies for such complex computing platforms. This paper provides an extensive survey and categorization of state-of-the-art mapping methodologies and highlights the emerging trends for multi/many-core systems. The methodologies aim at optimizing system's resource usage, performance, power consumption, temperature distribution and reliability for varying application models. The methodologies perform design-time and run-time optimization for static and dynamic workload scenarios, respectively. These optimizations are necessary to fulfill the end-user demands. Comparison of the methodologies based on their optimization aim has been provided. The trend followed by the methodologies and open research challenges have also been discussed.

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Mapping on multi/many-core systems: survey of current and emerging trends

The theory of cooperative games provides a rich mathematical framework with which to understand the interactions between self-interested agents in settings where they can benefit from cooperation, and where binding agreements between agents can be made. Our aim in this talk is to describe the issues that arise when we consider cooperative game theory through a computational lens. We begin by introducing basic concepts from cooperative game theory, and in particular the key solution concepts: the core and the Shapley value. We then introduce the key issues that arise if one is to consider the cooperative games in a computational setting: in particular, the issue of representing games, and the computational complexity of cooperative solution concepts.

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Computational Aspects of Cooperative Game Theory

A function $c:V(G)\rightarrow \{1,2,\ldots ,k\}$ is a k-colouring of a graph G if $c(u)\ne c(v)$ whenever u and v are adjacent. If any two colour classes induce the disjoint union of vertices and edges, then c is called injective. Injective colourings are also known as L(1, 1)-labellings and distance 2-colourings. The corresponding decision problem is denoted Injective Colouring. A graph is H-free if it does not contain H as an induced subgraph. We prove a dichotomy for Injective Colouring for graphs with bounded independence number. Then, by combining known with further new results, we determine the complexity of Injective Colouring on H-free graphs for every H except for one missing case.

Injective Colouring for H-Free Graphs

Paths $P_1,\ldots,P_k$ in a graph $G=(V,E)$ are mutually induced if any two distinct $P_i$ and $P_j$ have neither common vertices nor adjacent vertices (except perhaps their end-vertices). The Induced Disjoint Paths problem is to decide if a graph $G$ with $k$ pairs of specified vertices $(s_i,t_i)$ contains $k$ mutually induced paths $P_i$ such that each $P_i$ connects $s_i$ and $t_i$. This is a classical graph problem that is NP-complete even for $k=2$. We study it for AT-free graphs. 
Unlike its subclasses of permutation graphs and cocomparability graphs, the class of AT-free graphs has no geometric intersection model. However, by a new, structural analysis of the behaviour of Induced Disjoint Paths for AT-free graphs, we prove that it can be solved in polynomial time for AT-free graphs even when $k$ is part of the input. This is in contrast to the situation for other well-known graph classes, such as planar graphs, claw-free graphs, or more recently, (theta,wheel)-free graphs, for which such a result only holds if $k$ is fixed. 
As a consequence of our main result, the problem of deciding if a given AT-free graph contains a fixed graph $H$ as an induced topological minor admits a polynomial-time algorithm. In addition, we show that such an algorithm is essentially optimal by proving that the problem is W[1]-hard with parameter $|V_H|$, even on a subclass of AT-free graph, namely cobipartite graphs. We also show that the problems $k$-in-a-Path and $k$-in-a-Tree are polynomial-time solvable on AT-free graphs even if $k$ is part of the input. These problems are to test if a graph has an induced path or induced tree, respectively, spanning $k$ given vertices.

Induced Disjoint Paths in Claw-Free Graphs

We study the computational complexity of two well-known graph transversal problems, namely Subset Feedback Vertex Set and Subset Odd Cycle Transversal, by restricting the input to H-free graphs, that is, to graphs that do not contain some fixed graph H as an induced subgraph. By combining known and new results, we determine the computational complexity of both problems on H-free graphs for every graph H except when $H=sP_1+P_4$ for some $s\ge 1$. As part of our approach, we introduce the Subset Vertex Cover problem and prove that it is polynomial-time solvable for $(sP_1+P_4)$-free graphs for every $s\ge 1$.

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Computing Subset Transversals in H-Free Graphs

We consider computational complexity questions related to parallel knock-out schemes for graphs. In such schemes, in each round, each remaining vertex of a given graph eliminates exactly one of its neighbours. We show that the problem of whether, for a given graph, such a scheme can be found that eliminates every vertex is NP-complete. Moreover, we show that, for all fixed positive integers k ≥ 2, the problem of whether a given graph admits a scheme in which all vertices are eliminated in at most k rounds is NP-complete. For graphs with bounded tree-width, however, both of these problems are shown to be solvable in polynomial time.

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The computational complexity of the parallel knock-out problem

The complexity of {\sc Colouring} is fully understood for $H$-free graphs, but there are still major complexity gaps if two induced subgraphs $H_1$ and $H_2$ are forbidden. Let $H_1$ be the $s$-vertex cycle $C_s$ and $H_2$ be the $t$-vertex path $P_t$. We show that {\sc Colouring} is polynomial-time solvable for $s=4$ and $t\leq 6$, strengthening several known results. Our main approach is to initiate a study into the boundedness of the clique-width of atoms (graphs with no clique cutset) of a hereditary graph class. We first show that the classifications of boundedness of clique-width of $H$-free graphs and $H$-free atoms coincide. We then show that this is not the case if two graphs are forbidden: we prove that $(C_4,P_6)$-free atoms have clique-width at most~18. Our key proof ingredients are a divide-and-conquer approach for bounding the clique-width of a subclass of $C_4$-free graphs and the construction of a new bound on the clique-width for (general) graphs in terms of the clique-width of recursively defined subgraphs induced by homogeneous pairs and triples of sets. As a complementary result we prove that {\sc Colouring} is \NP-complete for $s=4$ and $t\geq 9$, which is the first hardness result on {\sc Colouring} for $(C_4,P_t)$-free graphs. Combining our new results with known results leads to an almost complete dichotomy for \cn restricted to $(C_s,P_t)$-free graphs.

Daniël Paulusma

Papers

Injective Colouring for H-Free Graphs

Induced Disjoint Paths in Claw-Free Graphs

Computing Subset Transversals in H-Free Graphs

The computational complexity of the parallel knock-out problem

Colouring Square-Free Graphs without Long Induced Paths