Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012.

Regression Analysis of Count Data: Preface

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http://www.encepp.eu/standards_and_guidances/documents/ENCePPGuideofMethStandardsinPE_2.pdf

The European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP)

The genus Pseudomonas consists of more than 120 species that are ubiquitous in moist environments such as water and soil ecosystems and are pathogenic to animals and humans. Within the genus of Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa is most frequently associated with human infections. The bacterium is regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, primarily causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. The existing knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa has mainly been obtained through studying clinical isolates; particularly those involved in causing chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Nosocomial infections commonly associated with P. aeruginosa include ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, wound infections in severe burn patients and septicaemia with their pathogenesis shown to be multifactorial. The bacterium is also capable of producing a number of toxins via the type III secretion system, as well as secreting enzymes and proteins including elastase, phospholipase C and siderophores. However, P. aeruginosa is also a waterborne pathogen, commonly found in environmental waters as well as in other sources such as sewage treatment plants. The public health implication of these bacteria whilst in the environment has not been fully investigated. Here we review our present knowledge about the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in clinical settings and the environment.; ;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A review of their Pathogenesis and Prevalence in Clinical Settings and the Environment

Fifteen meta-analyses have been published between 1995 and 2011 to evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness and harms of diverse influenza vaccines—seasonal, H5N1 and 2009(H1N1) —in various age-classes (healthy children, adults or elderly). These meta-analyses have often adopted different analyses and study selection criteria. Because it is difficult to have a clear picture of vaccine benefits and harms examining single systematic reviews, we compiled the main findings and evaluated which could be the most reasonable explanations for some differences in findings (or their interpretation) across previously published meta-analyses. For each age group, we performed analyses that included all trials that had been included in at least one relevant meta-analysis, also exploring whether effect sizes changed over time. Although we identified several discrepancies among the meta-analyses on seasonal vaccines for children and elderly, overall most seasonal influenza vaccines showed statistically significant efficacy/eff...

http://www.gepp.it/docs/pubblicazioni/ManzoliLHumVaccines&Therap2012.pdf

Effectiveness and harms of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in children, adults and elderly: A critical review and re-analysis of 15 meta-analyses

Background
Water coolers are popular in office buildings and commercial stores and the quality of this source of drinking water has the potential to cause waterborne outbreaks, especially in sensitive and immunocompromised subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of water plumbed in coolers from commercial stores in comparison with tap water in Italy.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2180-10-19.pdf

Microbiological quality of drinking water from dispensers in Italy

Microbiological quality of the water of recreational and rehabilitation pools: a 2-year survey in Naples, Italy

A systematic review evaluating the potential for bias and the methodological quality of meta-analyses in vaccinology.

The Coronavirus pandemic has affected the lives of people all over the world. The perception of risk and people's consequent behaviour during a pandemic are very complex and are affected by multiple cultural and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in risk perception, perceived self-efficacy and the perceived trust in the behaviour of others, the decisions of health authorities and government provisions, as well as the variation of self-restraint behaviours during the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic in Italy. We used a convenience sample of 707 university students (Mage = 22.99; SD = 4.01) from a central area of Italy. Participants freely joined the research by answering an online questionnaire between February and March 2020. Three time intervals defined by the progressive containment measures implemented by the Italian Government were considered. Main outcome measures were the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Risk Perception Index, the Index of Self-restraint Behaviours, and Institutional and Interpersonal Trust Measures. Results confirmed that significant changes in the time progression have occurred in the perception of risk, in the perception of individual self-efficacy, in the value attributed to social responsibility, in interpersonal trust and in trust in health authorities. The study also identified the participants' personality traits and locus of control as predictors (positive and negative) of perceived self-efficacy and tested a mediation model of trust on the effect of risk perception on self-restraint intentions.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3427/pdf

Perception of Risk, Self-Efficacy and Social Trust during the Diffusion of Covid-19 in Italy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether paediatricians have appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding vaccinations for infants in Italy. A random sample of 500 paediatricians received a self-administered anonymous questionnaire covering demographic and professional characteristics; knowledge about the mandatory, recommended, and not indicated vaccinations for infants; attitudes about vaccinations for infants; behaviour regarding current administration or willingness to administer mandatory or recommended vaccinations for infants and immunization education programs of the parents. Only 42.3% paediatricians knew all recommended vaccinations for infants and this knowledge was significantly higher in females, in those who worked a higher number of hours for week, and in those who use guidelines for immunization practice. Only 10.3% had a very favourable attitude towards the utility of the recommended vaccinations for infants and this was significantly higher in those who administered recommended vaccinations for infants. A large proportion (82.7%) of paediatricians routinely informed the parents about the recommended vaccinations for infants and this appropriate behaviour was significantly higher among younger, in those with a higher number of years in practice, and in those who administered the recommended vaccinations for infants. Training and educational interventions are needed in order to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding vaccinations for infants among paediatricians.

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Daniela Anastasi

Papers

Microbiological quality of drinking water from dispensers in Italy

Microbiological quality of the water of recreational and rehabilitation pools: a 2-year survey in Naples, Italy

A systematic review evaluating the potential for bias and the methodological quality of meta-analyses in vaccinology.

Perception of Risk, Self-Efficacy and Social Trust during the Diffusion of Covid-19 in Italy.

Paediatricians knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunizations for infants in Italy