Background and aims COVID 19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has created surge demand for essential healthcare equipment, medicines along with the requirement for advance information technologies applications. Industry 4.0 is known as the fourth industrial revolution, which has the potential to fulfil customised requirement during COVID-19 crisis. This revolution has started with the applications of advance manufacturing and digital information technologies. Methods A detailed review of the literature is done on the technologies of Industry 4.0 and their applications in the COVID-19 pandemic, using appropriate search words on the databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate. Results We found several useful technologies of Industry 4.0 which help for proper control and management of COVID-19 pandemic and these have been discussed in this paper. The available technologies of Industry 4.0 could also help the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 and other related problems and symptoms. Conclusions Industry 4.0 can fulfil the requirements of customised face masks, gloves, and collect information for healthcare systems for proper controlling and treating of COVID-19 patients. We have discussed ten major technologies of Industry 4.0 which help to solve the problems of this virus. It is useful to provide day to day update of an infected patient, area-wise, age-wise and state-wise with proper surveillance systems. We also believe that the proper implementation of these technologies would help to enhance education and communication regarding public health. These Industry 4.0 technologies could provide a lot of innovative ideas and solution for fighting local and global medical emergencies.

Industry 4.0 technologies and their applications in fighting COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on the advancement of the healthcare industry is immense. The ushering of the Medicine 4.0 has resulted in an increased effort to develop platforms, both at the hardware level as well as the underlying software level. This vision has led to the development of Healthcare IoT (H-IoT) systems. The basic enabling technologies include the communication systems between the sensing nodes and the processors; and the processing algorithms for generating an output from the data collected by the sensors. However, at present, these enabling technologies are also supported by several new technologies. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the H-IoT systems at almost every level. The fog/edge paradigm is bringing the computing power close to the deployed network and hence mitigating many challenges in the process. While the big data allows handling an enormous amount of data. Additionally, the Software Defined Networks (SDNs) bring flexibility to the system while the blockchains are finding the most novel use cases in H-IoT systems. The Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) and Tactile Internet (TI) are driving the innovation in the H-IoT applications. This paper delves into the ways these technologies are transforming the H-IoT systems and also identifies the future course for improving the Quality of Service (QoS) using these new technologies.

The Future of Healthcare Internet of Things: A Survey of Emerging Technologies

Industry 4.0 and Health: Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing for Healthcare 4.0

Enabling technologies for fog computing in healthcare IoT systems

A new architecture of Internet of Things and big data ecosystem for secured smart healthcare monitoring and alerting system

Density based clustering algorithm is one of the primary methods for clustering in data mining. The clusters which are formed based on the density are easy to understand and it does not limit itself to the shapes of clusters. This paper gives a detailed survey of the existing density based algorithms namely DBSCAN, VDBSCAN, DVBSCAN, ST-DBSCAN and DBCLASD based on the essential parameters needed for a good clustering algorithm. We analyse the algorithms in terms of the parameters essential for creating meaningful clusters.

A Survey on Density Based Clustering Algorithms for Mining Large Spatial Databases

Spatial cumulative sum algorithm with big data analytics for climate change detection

The health care systems are rapidly adopting large amounts of data, driven by record keeping, compliance and regulatory requirements, and patient care. The advances in healthcare system will rapidly enlarge the size of the health records that are accessible electronically. Concurrently, fast progress has been made in clinical analytics. For example, new techniques for analyzing large size of data and gleaning new business insights from that analysis is part of what is known as big data. Big data also hold the promise of supporting a wide range of medical and healthcare functions, including among others disease surveillance, clinical decision support and population health management. Hence, effective big data based knowledge management system is needed for monitoring of patients and identify the clinical decisions to the doctor. The chapter proposes a big data based knowledge management system to develop the clinical decisions. The proposed knowledge system is developed based on variety of databases such as Electronic Health Record (EHR), Medical Imaging Data, Unstructured Clinical Notes and Genetic Data. The proposed methodology asynchronously communicates with different data sources and produces many alternative decisions to the doctor.

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Big Data Knowledge System in Healthcare

Nowadays, sensors are playing a vital role in almost all applications such as environmental monitoring, transport, smart city applications and healthcare applications and so on. Especially, wearable medical devices with sensors are essential for gathering of rich information indicative of our physical and mental health. These sensors are continuously generating enormous data often called as Big Data. It is difficult to process and analyze the Big Data for finding valuable information. Thus effective and secure architecture is needed for organizations to process the big data in integrated industry 4.0. These sensors are continuously generating enormous data. Hence, it is difficult to process and analyze the valuable information. This chapter proposes a secure Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) architecture to store and process scalable sensor data (big data) for health care applications. Proposed Meta Cloud-Redirection (MC-R) architecture with big data knowledge system is used to collect and store the sensor data (big data) generated from different sensor devices. In the proposed system, sensor medical devices are fixed with the human body to collect clinical measures of the patient. Whenever the respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and blood sugar exceed its normal value then the devices send an alert message with clinical value to the doctor using a wireless network. The proposed system uses key management security mechanism to protect big data in industry 4.0.

Daphne Lopez

Papers

A new architecture of Internet of Things and big data ecosystem for secured smart healthcare monitoring and alerting system

A Survey on Density Based Clustering Algorithms for Mining Large Spatial Databases

Spatial cumulative sum algorithm with big data analytics for climate change detection

Big Data Knowledge System in Healthcare

Big Data Security Intelligence for Healthcare Industry 4.0